The people represented on Plate 56 (jig. 6) belong also to these non Chinese races. The men with skin caps and the women with immense turbans are Lissus ; the three standing- women who follow are Man-tse women; then we have a man and his wife of the V-kia race—all mountain-folk from the West l'un-Nan. Here belong also the Minkia women, fishwives from the lake of Ta-Lee (p1. 58, jig. 3, at the left, close and front), and behind them the " Chinese women " with high caps, as well as Mohammedan soldiers at the right, in front, on the same plate.
Physical Characlerislics: Slalarc nrrd we examine the cor poral build of all these figures we find that it is not large. The Anamitcs are remarkable for smallness, and are mostly thickset and square-built (p1. 58,Jk. I), but sometimes slender and finely proportioned (pl. 56, jig. 6), in spite of the disproportion between buttocks and limbs (not rare here) which we alluded to above (p. 237) as common among Mongolians. The muscular system, although well developed, is lax. All show a tendency to grow fat.
Color awl Feethires.—The skin is soft and shining, of leather-yellow color (p1. 54, 7; p. 56, 3, 4), and darker, even dark brown (p1. 55, jigs. 3, ; p1. 56, fig. 2), often tending to red. The brow is well developed, broad, often somewhat arched forward; the face round and broad, with very prominent checks ; the eyes, without being actually small, are narrow, as if pressed down from above (pi. 56, fig. 4), often squinting; the nose small (pl. 56, fig. 3; pl. 8I, fig. 12), straight or arched, fuller below; the lips thick. The ears stand out, and are characterized by large flaps, which are often pierced in order to carry ornaments (pl. 54, fig. I ; pl. 56, figs. I, 3).
hair is always black, mostly uncurled, but sometimes wavy, and in some cases growing in locks (pl. 56, fig. 3); the latest French investigators affirm that it is never straight, while earlier accounts state the contrary. It is worn either in a turban or bound on top of the head (fil. 54, figs. 1, 5; pl. 56, fig. 6), or short, and at times shorn off; so as to make a kind of crown on the head (p1. 54, 1, 5; p1. 55, fig. 5; pi. 56, figs. I, 4, 5). It is either allowed to fly free or is bound up in a bunch (p1. 58, fig. i, to the right). Many forms of ornamental hats and caps are to be seen (p1. 54, fig. 5; pl. 56, fig. 6; p1. 58, fig. 1; pl. 6o, fig.
3), as, e. g., the women in the last-named plate on the right, who wear the hair in large skin cases. The hair of the body is not plentiful, but more so than with the Malaysians; the beard also on the lips and chin is not always wanting (pl. 54, fig. 5; p1. 56, fig. i; pl. 58, fig. i, at the right; pl. 6i, fig. 7), but it is seldom luxuriant (p1. 54, fig. 5; p1. 56, 2). There is a Siamese family whose members for three generations have had long silky hair all over their bodies (p1. 54, fig. 4). The resemblance of these people to the Malaysian races has often been alluded to, but it is by no means striking, as a glance at our illustration shows.
cannot speak of all the costumes which we have depict ed. The men of the more uncivilized tribes wear only an apron both at work and in the house (p1. 56, fig. 6), and even in the temples (p1. 55, fig. 5), in which the pilgrims are wont to spend many days as if in their own homes. The ordinary costume of the poorer Burmese consists of a long piece of stuff (cotton or silk) about the hips, and a coat (or long caftan) with sleeves, held in by means of a sash (pl. 54, figs. 3, 5; fil. 55, fig. 5; p1. 58, figs. I, 3). With many of the mountain-people the caftan is of skin. Trousers for both sexes or gaiter-like leg-coverings are com mon (pl. 58, figs. I, 3; pl. 6o, fig. 3).
The striking female costumes of the Pa-is and Pape (p1. 6o, fig. 3) resemble the German peasant dress in their gay colors, but for the most part dark-colored stuffs are preferred by these nations. This is particu larly the case among the Ananiites, who wear almost exclusively silk dresses, which are coarser or finer according to rank. Plate 55 (fig. 2) shows portraits of Siamese actresses in royal dress. The long finger nails, which are protected by silver cases, are a symbol of nobility, and indicate that the person is exempt from the necessity of manual labor. Various sorts of turbans (p1. 54, fig. 7), black for the men and blue for the women, distinguish rank. Both sexes wear wide trousers, several over-garments with long sleeves (p1. 54, fig. 6), and longer or shorter jackets, like those of the Laos women in Plate 56 (fig. 6), and frequently over all this long black silk mantles. 'White is the color of mourning; yellow is the sacred color, and is therefore worn only by princes and priests.