In actions ex delicto.
Plaintiffs.
The plaintiff must have a legal right in the pmperty affected, whether real, 2 Term, 684 ; 7 id. 50 ; Broom, Part. 202 ; Coke, Litt. 240 b; 2 Blackstone, Comm. 185, or personal, 11 Cush. Mass. 55 ; though a mere possession is sufficient for trespass, and trespass quare clausum, Croke Jac. 122 ; 11 East, 65 ; 4 Barnew. & C. 591; 2 Bingh. N. c. 98 ; 1 Ad. &E. 44 ; and the poseeesioh may be construct ive in case of trespass for injury to personal property. 1 Term, 450 ; 6 Q. B. 606 ; 5 Barn ew.. Ald. 603 ; 1 Hill, N. Y.311. The property of the plaintiff may be absolute, 3 Camph. 187 ; 5 Bingh. 305 ; 1 Taunt. 190 ; 1 C. B. 672, or special. See 7 Term, 9 ; 4 Barnew.
& C. 941; 3 Scott, N. s. 358.
23. Agents who have a qualified property in goods may maintain an action of tort in their own names for injury to the goods.
A principal may sue in the name of his agent for a false representation to the agent.
12 Wend. N. Y. 176.
Assignees of property may sue in their own names for tortious injuries committed after the assignment, 4 Bingh. 106 ; 3 Maule & S. 7 ; 5 id. 105 ; 1 Ad. & E. 580, although it has never been in their possession. 9 Wend. N. Y . 80 ; 2 N. Y. 293 ; 1 E. D. Smith, N. Y. 522 ; 8 Barnew. & C. 270 ; 5 Barnew. & Ald. 604 ; Williams, Saund. 252 a, n. (7).
Otherwise of the assignee of a mere right of action. 12 N. Y. 322 ; 18 Barb. N. Y. 500 ; 7 How. Pract. N. Y. 492. See 15 N. Y. 432. Assignees in insolvency may sue for torte to the property, 6 Binn. Penn. 186 ; 8 Serg. & R. Penn. 124, but not to the person of the assignee. W. Jones, 215.
Executors and administrators cannot, in general, sue in actions ex delicto, as such actions are said to die with the plaintiff. Broom, Part. 212 ; 13 N. Y. 322. See PER soNeL ACTION. They may sue in their own names for torts subsequent to the death of the deceased. 11 Rich. So. C. 363.
Heirs and devisors have no claim for torts committed during the lifetime of the ances tor or devisor. 2 Inst. 305.
24. Husband must sue alone for all in juries to his own property and person, 3 Rlackstone, Comm. 143 ; 2 td. Raym. 1208 ;
Croke Jac. 473 ; 1 Lev. 3 ; 2 id. 20, including personalty of the wife which becomes his upon marriage, 1 Salk. 141 ; 6 Call, Va: 55 ; 13 N. H. 283 ; Croke Elie. 133 ; 6 Ad. & E. 259 ; 27 Vt. 17 ; 1 Hempst. Ark. 64, and in cluding the continuance of injuries to such property commenced before marriage, 1 Salk. 141; 6 Call, Va. 55 ; 1 Selwyn, Nisi P. 10th ed. 656; in replevin for timber cut on land belonging to both, 8 Watts, Penn. 412 ; for personal injuries to tbe wife for the damages which he sustains, 3 Blackst. Comm. 140 ; Chitty, Plead. 718, n. ; 4 Barnew. & Ald. 523 ; 41c wa, 420 : as in battery, 2 Ld. Raym. 1208 ; 8 Mod. 342 ; 2 Brev. No. C. 170 ; slander, where words are not actionable per se, 1 Lev. 140 ; 1 Salk. 119 ; 3 Mod. 120 ; 4 Barnew. & Ad. 514 ; 22 Barb. N. Y. 396 ; 2 Hill, N. Y. 309 ; or for special damages. 4 Barnew. & Ad. 514.
He may sue alone, also,Tor injuries to per sonalty commenced before marriage and con summated afterwards, 2 Lev. 107 ; Ventr. 260 ; 2 Bos. & P. 407; and the right survives to him after death of the wife in all cases where he can sue alone, 1 Chitty, Plead. 75; Viner, Abr. Baron& F. (G); for cutting trees on land held by both in right of the wife, 16 Pick. Mass. 235 ; 1 Roper, Erna. & W. 2d ed. 215 ; and, generally, for injury to real estate of the wife during coverture, 18 Pick. Mass. 110 ; 20 Conn. 296 ; 2 Wile. 414, al though her interests be reversionary only. 5 Mee& & W. Exch. 142.
Infants may sue by guardian for torts. Broom, Part. 238.
Lessors and reversioners, generally, may have an action for injury to their reversions. Broom, Part. 214. Damage necessarily to the reversion must be alleged and shown. 1 Maule & S. 234 ; 11 Ad. & E. 40 ; 5 Bingh. 153 ; 10 Barnew. & C. 145.
25. Lessees and tenants, generally, may sue for injuries to their possession. 4 Burr. 2141 ; 3 Lev. 209 ; Selwyn, Nisi P. 1417 ; Woodfall, Landl. & Ten. 661.