ADRIAN. The name of six popes, two of them of considerable interest. ADRIAN I., Pope 772-795, invited Charlemagne to enter Italy. His letters are in Migne, Pat. Lat., xeviii.—ADRI 11., Pope S67-872. His letters are in Migne, Pat. Lat., cxxii. and eNNiX.—.ADRIAN III.
(Agapctus), Pope 884-885. Be was the first occu pant of the papal chair to change his name on election .—ADR IAN IV. ( Nicholas Brakspere), Pope 1154-59. He was by birth an Englishman, the only one of that nation who ever sat in the papal chair. His father became a monk in the Bene dictine monastery of St. Albans, and so Adrian was in early life thrown on the world. He be came first a lay brother or servant in the mon astery of St. Rufus, about 50 miles south of Lyons, France. then successively regular monk, prior, and in 1137 was elected abbot. His zeal for strict discipline raised a combination to de fame his character. and lie had to appear before Eugenius Ill. at Rome. Here he not only cleared himself of all charges, but gained the esteem of the Pope, who appointed him Cardinal bishop of Albano in 1146, and, later, delegate to Scandinavia. On the death of Anastasius 1V. in 1154, he was raised to the papal see. Adrian had great trouble with the Romans, who disliked his pretensions, and were influenced by Arnold of Brescia, whom he caused to be put to death. Ile was on friendly terms with the Emperor Freder ick 1., until his high notions of the papal supre macy, which he carried as far as even Gregory VII., led to the beginning of that long contest of the popes against the house of Hohenstaufen, which ended in the destruction of the dynasty.
Ile was living away from Rome in practical exile, and was ;Bawl, to excommunicate Frederick Mien he died at Anagni, September 1, 1159. most remarkable pontifical act was giving, in 1154, Ireland to Henry IL, which he claimed he had the right to do because all islands which had been Christianized belonged to the Holy See. Consult: S. Malone. Adrian Ir. and Ireland (London, 1899). Ilk letters are in Migne, Pat. Lat., elxxxviii.—ADRIAN V., Pope July August 18. 1276 (Otto boon() de' Ficselti), and a cardinal-deacon when elected; he died before he hail been conseerated a bishop.—AnniA N Pope January 9, 1522, to September 14, 1523. Ills family name was (probably) Dedel, his birthplace Utrecht (1459), his first teachers the Brothers of the Common Life; his professional studies were made at Louvain, and there he became professor of theology. was appointed tutor to Charles of Hapsburg (the future Emperor Charles V.), 1507; was made Bishop of Tortosa, Spain, 1516; cardinal, 1517. Charles made him regent of Spain, 1520, but the Spaniards resented the rule of a foreigner and embittered his life. His troubles did not cease when elected Pope, but he inspired respect by his uprightness. He con fessed to serious corruptions in the Church, but died before he could do anything for its reform. ('onsult the Lires by H. Bauer (Heidelberg, 1876) and by A. Lepitre (Paris, 1880).