A'DRIANO'PLE (Gk. 'Atiptav67ro2uc, Dadria wvolis, the city of Hadrian, Turk. Edirnch) (Map: Turkey in Europe, F 4). A city of Eu ropean Turkey, in ancient Thrace. It is situated on the Maritza (the ancient Ilebrus), where that river is joined by the Arda and the Tunja. about 140 miles northwest of Constantinople, with which it is connected by a state railway line. its position at the confluence of three navigable rivers, and at the meeting of several routes, makes it a place of considerable commercial im portanee. It was forfuerly fortified by a strong wall, of which only a few fragments are left. The place is now defended by an extensive circle of re doubts. Since the last Russian-Turkish war the town has been in a state of decline, and its com merce has fallen off to a large extent. It has two tine bazaars, a palace, numerous inns, churches, a ml schools. The population is about 80,000, about half of Wh0111 are Turks and the remainder Bul garians, Armenians, and Jews. It is the seat of several European consuls. A very ancient town of 'Thrace, it was rebuilt by the Emperor Iladrian, who gave it his name. It was the scene of in import/int battle between the Goths and the En 1111111M ill 378 A.D., in %Vilkil the former were vic
torious and broke throng!) the Roman frontier, effecting a settlement within the limits of the empire. The city was conquered from the Byz antines by Aniurath (Murad) I. in 1361, and was the residence of the Turkish sultans from that time down to 1453. The Russian general Diebitseh occupied Adrianople in 1829. By the treaty signed here on September 14 of that year Russia forced Turkey to relinquish to her the northeastern coast land of the Black Sea and to allow her to establish her sway over the tribes of the Caucasus; to cede to her the district of Akhaltsikh; to accord to her a protectorate over Moldavia and Wallachia; and to recognize the independence of Greece. After the capture of the Turkish army defending the Shipka Pass, in January, 1878, the Russians entered Adrianople unopposed. The occupation of the city was fol lowed by the cessation of hostilities and the con clusion of the treaty of San Stefano. Adrianople is the capital of the vilayet. of the same name, with an area of about 15,000 square miles and a population of about 1,000,000.