AICARD, tikar'...JEAN FRANcOIS VICTOR ( 184S —1. A French author, born at Toulon. .\t first he studied law, but subsequently turned to literature, in which he made his first appear ance with the drama Jeil neS CrOya)1•eS ills works, which are in general distinguished by a finished style, include Arc Clair de in little (ISTO), a one-net comedy iu verse: Les rebel lions et less apaisrments (1S7 1) , Pw'mcs dr Prorenee (1874), La chanson de l'enfant (1876). Miette et .ford ( 1880 ) , La mart ( 1853) , poem which received the prize of the French Academy. and .Usus. ( 1.89tl).
AID ( Fr. aide. front Lat. ad, to + iarare, to help). In feudal times, a term denoting a payment in money or produce due from a vassal to his lord. The term is a translation of the Latin word U.Vil II ILI theory it was a free grant made in exceptional cases. But the eases soon came to be axed by custom. "The three chief
aids" were paid (1) for ransom in captivity: (2) for the expenses of making the lord's eldest son it knight : (31 for the dowry of the lord's eldest daughter. Sometimes a fourth chief aid was recognized for the expense of the lord when going on a crusade. Fre quently also aids were demanded from the vas sals when the lord made a journey to the court of his suzerain, or to Rome. Aids were levied upon all classes of freehold tenants—upon those holding in free and Pollution socage (q.v.), as well as upon the holders of knights' fees (q.v.) —and continued to be nominally dne and exigi ble until abolished by parliament, 12 Car. 11., e. 24 (NW), thought they had gradually fallen into disuse and were probably even then prac tically obsolete. See FEUDALISM TENURE.