AIWALYK, See A I VA Li K.
AIX, tiks or ha (Anciently Lat. Aqua, ,S'extiw, Springs of Sextius). A town of France, former ly the capital of Provence, now the capital of an arrondissement in the department of Bonches-du-Rheme (Map: France, M 8). The principal buildings of the town are the Pa lais de Justice, the Had de Ville, and the cathedral of St. Sauveur. The cathedral dates from the eleventh century, and is a fine example of Roman esque architecture. The Palais de Justice was not completed until 1831, and is in the Renais sance style. The town is very bright and cheer ful in appearance, and its many squares and parks enliven every quarter. Aix is famous for its springs and natural fountains. That of the Rotunda is decorated with statues of Justice, Agriculture, and Art; another fountain is sur mounted by a statue of Rem(. of Anjou, the patron of troubadours. It is the work of David. There is a museum of antiquities containing valuable Gallic, Roman, and Christian remains. The town has a in conjunction with Mar seilles (see Alx, FACULT•S u'), as well as an academy of sciences. Its library is famous in southern France, and contains about 150,000 printed works and over 1200 manuscripts; among these latter are many letters of Mary Stuart. There is also a school of art, and a picture gal lery, in which are examples of Granet, the great architectural painter. who was a native of Aix. The industry of the town consists chiefly in the cultivation of the olive, in cotton-spinning, leather-dressing, and trade in oil, wine, almonds, etc. The warm springs are slightly sulphurous, with a temperature from 90° to 100° F., clear and transparent, with a slightly bitter taste.
They have the reputation of improving the beauty of the skin.
Aix was in Roman times Aquce Sextim, from Cains Sextius Calvinus, who in 123 B.C. headed
the Roman colony which had been formed to defend the Greeks of Marseilles against the Sal hivii. The field on which Marius defeated the Teutones and .Ambrones, in 102 n.c., lies in the plain between Aix and Arles. In the Middle Ages, under the counts of Provence (see RENE), Aix was long a great literary centre. Pop., 1896, 28,9(10; 1901, 29,41S.
AIX, or AIX-LES-BAINS, -ltt'bhN' (Fr. the Bath Waters or Springs; see below). A small town of Savoy, France, in a delightful valley near Lake Bourget, 7 miles north of Chant (Map: France, M 6). Its celebrity as the source of medicinal waters dates from the Roman occupation. The Romans gave it the name of Aqine Gratime, and built splendid baths there; among its numerous remains of Roman times are the Arch of Campanus and the ruins of a temple and of a ?worn rium. The hot springs, two in number, are of sulphurous quality, and of a temperature above 100° F. They are used both for drinking and as baths, and attract annually two thousand invalid visitors. Pop., 1901, 5349.
AIX, FAcuur•s D', fa'ktiPth' dhks' or dhs', or ACADEMIE, a'kei'dti'nW. Schools of law and the ology existed at Aix perhaps at the beginning of the thirteenth century. They were organized in 1409 by Papal bull into the University of Aix, which represented Provencal learning, if not lit erature, duffing most of its existence from its foundation until its dissolution and reorganiza tion under Napoleon, in 1808, after which for nearly a century it was an academy of the Uni versity of France. The present University of Aix-Marseilles has faculties of law and philoso phy at Aix, and faculties of mathematics-science, medicine-pharmacy, and the free faculty of law at Marseilles. There are 772 students.