ALBERT, iilibe'rt; Ger. pron. ill'bert, ED UARD (1841-1900). An Austrian surgeon. He was born at Senftenberg, in Bohemia, and studied medicine at Vienna. In 1873 he was made pro fessor of surgery at Innsbruck. From 1881 until his death lie was clinical professor of surgery at Vienna. His published works include: Beitrdgc zur Operativen Chirargie (Vienna, 187S-80 ) ; Diagnostik der Chirurgischen Krankheiten (sev enth edition, Vienna, 1896) ; and a text-book of surgery in four volumes, which has passed through several editions. Albert's original re searches resulted in valuable contributions to surgical diagnosis, to operative surgery, and to other branches of his profession.
Al/BERT, Fr. pron. Anal'', EUGEN FRANCIS CHARLES n' (1864—). A pianist and composer; born at Glasgow, April 10, 1864 ; the son of Charles d'Albert, a French musician and dan cing-master, who was his first teacher. He studied in the National Training School, London, under Sir Arthur Sullivan, Front, and Palter, and in 1881 gained the Mendelssohn scholarship; under Hans Richter in Vienna and under Liszt in Weimar. In the same year lie made his first appearance at a philharmonic concert in Vienna with brilliant success. He was soon made court pianist in Weimar, traveled in Europe, and came to America in the season of 1889-90. His inter pretations of Bach and Beethoven have been gen erally deemed the most forceful heard in recent years. His mastery of technique, intellectual grasp, force, and fire place him among the most eminent pianists of the world. His compositions include pianoforte music. a suite, symphony, two quartets for strings, several songs, and the operas Der The-bin (1893); Ghismonda (1895) ; Gernot (1897 ) : Die Abreise ( 1898 ) ; and /Cain (1900). Only in the last opera did the composer free himself from adherence to Wagne•'s for mulas. In 1892 lie married the pianiste Teresa Carreilo (q.v.), but separated from her in 1S95.
ALBERT,AVVert; Ger.pron. 51'1361A, FRANCIS CHARLES AI GUSTUS EMANUEL (1S19-61). Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and the husband of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. He is popu larly known as Prince Albert and the Prince Consort. He was born at Rosenau Castle, near Coburg, August 26, 1819, the second son of Er nest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and his wife Louise, daughter of Augustus, Duke of Saxe Gotha-Altenburg. In the Prince's sixth year his parents separated, and he never afterward saw his mother, who died in ]S31. The Prince and his elder brother, under a private tutor, received a careful education, and after a year of study at Brussels be attended the University of Bonn, where, in addition to the sciences connected with statecraft, he devoted himself with ardor to the study of natural history and chemistry, and dis played great taste for the flue arts, especially painting and music. Several compositions of his obtained publicity, and an opera, afterward per formed in London, is said to have been com posed by him. He was gifted with a handsome figure, and obtained expertness in all manly exercises. He married the young Queen of Great Britain on February 10. 1840. On his marriage Prince Albert received the title of Royal High ness, was naturalized as a subject of Great Britain, and obtained the rank of field-marshal, the knighthood of the Order of the Bath, and the command of a regiment of hussars. As the union
proved in the highest degree a happy one, the Prince was loaded with honors and distinctions both by the Queen and time nation. The title of Consort of Her Most Gracious Majesty was for mally conferred in 1842, and that of Prince Con sort, in 1857, made him a prince of the United Kingdom. He was also made a member of the Privy Council. governor and constable of Wind sor Castle, colonel of the Grenadier Guards, act ing Grand Master of the Order of the Bath, chan cellor of the University of Cambridge, the stand ard of which he succeeded in raising consider ably, and Master of the Trinity House. Notwith standing his high and favored position as the Queen's trusted counselor, the Prince, with rare prudence and tact, abstained from meddling with State affairs, and thus escaped the jealousy and detraction of parties, gradually attaining, in deed, the widest popularity. When the Whig ministry in 1840 proposed to hint the income of Ł50,000, as consort of Queen Victoria, the Tories, in conjunction with the Radicals, succeeded in limiting the sum to Ł30,000. This incident, which occurred before the marriage, appears to have been the only instance of any manifestation of party feeling with reference to the Prince. On the other hand, he opened for himself an influ ential sphere of action, in the encouragement and promotion of science and art, appearing as the patron of many useful associations and public undertakings. The Exhibition of 1851 owed its origin and the greater part of its success to the Prince. An incessant worker in the interests of his adopted country, his toil undermined his con stitution, and he succumbed to an attack of ty phoid fever, December 14, 1861. His memory is perpetuated under the surname "Albert the Good." The last of his political acts, one of particular interest to the United States, was instrumental in preventing a war which threat ened to arise out of the seizure of the Confederate envoys on the English steamer Trent. The draft of the ministerial ultimatum submitted to the Queen seemed to the Prince fraught with perilous irritation. Weak then from the beginning of his last illness, be arose at seven the next morning (December 1, 1861), and wrote and presented a memorandum of his objections to the Queen. His suggestions, adopted by Lord Russell. proved ac ceptable to President Lincoln. Consult: Martin, Life (London, Vitzthum,Reminiseenses (English translation, 1887) ; Grey, 71w Early Years of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort (New York, 1867) : Bunchley. The Crown and the Cabinet: Fire Letters on the Biography of the Prince Consort (Manchester, ISIS) ; Kenyon. Albert the Good (London, 1890) ; Winne, The Story of Albert the flood (London, 1S97) ; Stock mar, Denkwardig•eiten ens den Papieren de; Frcilierrn Christian Friedrich von Stockmar (Brunswick, 1872), translated by 0. A. M. under the title Memoirs of Baron Stockmar (London. 1873).