ALDROVANDI, UussE (1522 1605). An Italian naturalist. He was of noble birth. He became, in 1554, a professor of phil osophy and logic. and in 1560 lectured on botany in the University of Bologna. He also practiced medicine, and succeeded, after violent popular op position, in establishing' an inspectorship of drugs and pharmacies. The Pope confirmed him in the office. Afterward he became professor of natural history, established the Botanical Garden of Bologna in 1567, and was employed for many years in forming a collection of speci mens as a basis for an encyclopfedie work on animal life. To this end he traveled extensively, and enlisted the aid of Gesner and others. In this work, and in the preparation of drawings, he expended the greater part of his fortune. He ceased teaching in 1600, and devoted himself to the publication of his great work, issuing four volumes in Latin on ornithology (1559-1603), and one on mollusks. He bequeathed his col lections mid manuscripts to the Senate of Bolog na; the collections became the nucleus of the great museum of that city. and the manuscripts remained in the university library. Ten other volumes, more or less prepared by him, were rapidly brought out by his colleagues and pupils; but many manuscripts and drawings remain un published. Ile did a great service in stimulating scientific study, and collected an enormous num ber of facts and specimens; but his writings were prolix and not discriminative. Nevertheless, some volumes, as those on birds, rapidly ran through several editions, and the entire series was epitomized by Johnstone. Consult his biog
raphy by G. Fantuzzi (Bologna, 1774).
ALDUS, 5I'dfis. See SIANUTIUS, ALDUS. ALE. See BEER and BREWING. AL'EAN'DER, HIERONYMUS (1480-1542).
An Italian humanist and papal legate. He was born at Slotta, near Treviso. and after a short course in medicine devoted himself to the study of theology and languages. He entered the serv ice of the Bishop of Liege, Eberhard of the Slark. in 1514. and in 1519 he went as papal legate to 11ermany, to combat the Lutheran movement. He inspired the famous edict of Charles V. against the reformer (Slay 26. 1521 ), a document antedated Slay 8, 1521, and prob ably emanating from the pen of .Meander. As legate to Germany in 1532, he unsuccessfully en deavored to frustrate the Peace of Nuremberg. In 1536 Pope Paul ITT. appointed him a mem ber of the reform commission under Contarini (q.v.), and two years afterward he was created cardinal and was again sent to Germany; but his mission proved unproductive of results. His let ters and reports are valuable historical docu ments, and his celebrated writing, De Concilio Habendo, is said to have been consulted at the Council of Trent. For his biography down to 1529, consult: J. Paquier ( Paris, 1900) ; also in general, Brieger, A Imaler and Lather, 1521 (Gotha, 1884) ; Kelkoff, Die Depeschen Oleanders •ola Reichstag zu Worms (Halle, 1886).