ANDORRA, An-dor'•A. A republic in the ley of the same name in the eastern Pyrenees. between the French department of and Catalonia, in Spain (Map: Spain, F 1). The valley is inclosed by mountains, through which its river, the Balira, breaks to join the Segre at and its inaccessibility naturally fits it for tieing the seat of the interesting, little repub lic, which leads a existence under the protection of France and the Bishop of Urg,e1. Its area is about 175 square miles, and it is divided into the six parishes of Santa Julia, Andorra-Vieilla, Encamp. Canino, La Massana, and Ordino. The former abundant forests are being exhausted from use as fuel : there is much excellent pasture; vines and fruit trees flourish on the lower grounds, and the mountains tain rich iron mines. The limited area of araPle land makes the republic partly depend upon France for its grain. The chief industry is the production of coarse cloth, and the exports con sist of wood, metal ores, cloth, and some dairy products.
Andorra was declared an independent State by Charlemagne. in reward for services rendered to him by its inhabitants when he was marching against the Moors. In 1278 Andorra was trans ferred to the Comte de Foix and the Bishop of Urge], and was administered by two viguicrs appointed by them. During the French Revolu tion the relations between Andorra and France were interrupted on account of the latter's re fusal to accept the annual tribute, which was considered incompatible with a republican form of government. In 1806, however, the former relations were renewed, and the free importation of cereals from France was allowed in considera tion of an annual tribute of 960 francs. The Republic is governed by a sovereign council of twenty-four members, chosen for a period of four years by the heads of the communities. The
council is presided over by two syndics, both chosen by the members of the council, one for life and the other for a term of four years. There are two judges called viguiers, of whom the first, a French subject, is appointed by France, and the second, a native, by the Bishop of Urgel. There is also a civil judge, appointed by France and the Bishop of Urgel alternately. Under each viguier is an inferior judge called a bailie; there is an appeal from his judgment to the civil judge, and finally to the Court of Cassation at Paris, or to the episcopal college at Urge]. In criminal cases there is no appeal from the Court of the Republic itself,inwhich the first Haider presides. The revenue of the State is derived from lands and from some inconsid erable taxes. The Bishop off Urge] receives from the Republic an annual sum of 460 francs. The manner of life of the Andorrans is very simple. There are schools, but education is in a low state. Every able-bodied citizen of the Repnblie is liable to military service between the ages of sixteen and sixty. In the C'arlist wars the neu trality of Andorra was strictly respected, though various complications resulted from its connec tion with the Bishop of Urgel. The capital, Andorra, is situated in the mountains, and has a population of about 1000. The population of the Republic is estimated at 6000. Consult: Spender, Through the High Pyrenees (London, 1808) ; Deverell. History of the Republic of An dorra (Bristol, 1885) ; Tucker, The Valley of Andorra (Cambridge, Mass., 1882).