ANTIP'ATER (Gk. 'Avri7rai-poc, Antipatros). (c. 400-319 n.c.). (1) The son of lollas, and one of the most distinguished generals of Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great. It was es pecially through the loyal services of Antipater and Parmenion that Alexander was enabled to establish his kingdom on a firm basis. When Alexander led his troops into Asia, he left An tipater in sole charge of affairs in Macedonia. The latter discharged the duties of his office with great ability, suppressing insurrections in Thrace and Sparta and supporting Alexander with fresh troops from home. But he was on the point of being superseded by Craterus, through the influ ence of Olympias, the mother of Alexander, when Alexander died. The government of Macedonia was assigned to Antipater anew, and he was soon after called upon to defend himself against an alliance of the Grecian States. He at first met with reverses, but with the assistance of Cra terus, who was also his son-in-law, and Leonna tus, he finally brought the allies into subjection in 322 B.C. This war is usually called the Lam ian War, from Lamin, where Antipater was be-, sieged in 323 B.C. Everywhere oligarchies were established, and Athens was obliged to deliver up Demosthenes and Hyperides and receive a gar rison in ..11unychia. This war was followed by another with Perdiccas, Antipater's son-in-law, and Antipater was again successful. After the murder of Perdiecas, in 321 B.C., Antipater was
appointed to the supreme regency of Macedonia and the guardianship of Alexander's children. He made a new division of the kingdom, but died shortly after, in 318 B.C., leaving the regency to Polysperchon and a subordinate position only to his own son, Cassander.
(2) Son of Cassander and King of Macedonia. His reign followed that of his brother Philip, who had followed Cassander in 297 B.C. He was killed, 2S7 n.c., by order of Demetrius Polior eel es. (3) Father of Herod the Great. His first appearance is in the reign of Aristobulus IT. (69-63 mc.), as a man of great wealth and im portant connections. He supported Hyrcanus IT. against the power of Aristobulus, and after Hyreanus. in 63 B.C., opened the gates of Jerusa lem to Pompey, the influence of Antipater grew apace. In 47 B.C. he was appointed procurator of Juthea. In the struggle between Pompey and Cresar he supported the former; but after the de feat of Pompey, made his peace with Ciesar, and continued thereafter his firm adherent. C(esar showed him many marks of favor. Antipater was poisoned in 43 B.C. (4) Son of Herod the Great by his first wife. Doris; a worthless prince. who was perpetually conspiring against the life of his brothers. He was finally tried before Quintilius Yarns. and executed in prison five days before Herod died.