AB'BE, CLEVELAND, LL.D. (1838-1. An American astronomer and meteorologist, born in New York City. He graduated in 1857 at the Free Academy (now the College of the City of New York) , and studied astronomy with F. Briin now at Ann Arbor (1858-00) and with B. A. Gould at Cambridge (1860-64). From 1864 to 1866 he resided at the observatory at Pulkova, Russia, and from lSOS to 1873 was director of the Cin cinnati Observatory, where he inaugurated a system of daily weather forecasts based upon simultaneous meteorological observations report ed by telegraph. This led to the establishment of a similar system by the Government ; and in December, 1870. Professor Abbe was called to Washington to prepare the official weather pre dictions and storm warnings, and was appointed professor of meteorology in the Weather Bureau. To him is due the initiation in May, 1879, of the movement toward the introduction of the present system of standard time and hourly meridians.
In January, 1873. he prepared the first official Mont/ay Weather Review, which has continued under his editorship. He is professor of meteor ology in Columbian University, Washington, lecturer on meteorology in Johns Hopkins Uni versity. Baltimore, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. The received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Michigan in 1S87, and from the University of Glasgow on the occa sion of the Kelvin .Jubilee in 1896. Among his publications may be mentioned the Annual Sum mary and Reriew of Progress in Meteorology 1873-S8 ) ; Treatise on Meteorological Appara tus and Methods (1887) Preparatory Studies for Dedurtire Methods in Storm and Weather Predictions (18'89) ; The Mechanics of the Earth's Atmosphere (1891). (.