ARCHAN'GEL, or ARKHANGELSK, lir Klin'gelsk. of Russia, between 61 ° and 71° N. lat. and 28° to 66° E. long., extend ing along the White Sea and Arctic Ocean from Finland and Norway east to the Cral, and bounded on the south by the governments of Vologda and Olonetz. It occupies an area of 326.500 square Miles, including the islands of Nova Zembla and Vaigat•h. It is the largest gov ernment of the Empire, and occupies the entire north of European Russia. Its greatest length, from west to east, is 900 miles; its greatest width, from north to south, is 132 miles. Four large navigable rivers flow through Archangel; the Petehora for 528 miles, the Onega 132 miles, the northern Drina 265 miles. and the Slesen 265 miles, all emptying their waters into the Sea. The northwestern and the north eastern parts are mountainous, reaching a height of more than 4900 feet. The climate of Archangel is very severe in the central part of the government. At its northwestern extremity
the climate is perceptibly milder, and the open sea is never frozen. The great wealth of Arch angel is in its forests, which cover more than half of its area. Lumbering is therefore the leading industry. The inhabitants are besides engaged in agriculture which, at its best, in the south is hut poorly developed, in fishing and hunting along the shores of the Arctic and the White Sea, and in the rearing of deer, which constitutes the al most exclusive Occupation of the Samoyeds. The population of the government was 331,200 in 1890, and 347,600 in 1807. Ninety-eight per cent. of the people are Russians. Of the different abo riginal tribes, as the Lopars. Zyrans, Samoyeds, etc., there are not more than 6000 persons. Arch angel is the most sparsely populated government of Russia. Consult A. P. Englehardt. A Rus sian Province of the Xorth (Westminster, 1889),