Led by Louis Agassiz's example. Dr. Anton Dohrn in 1872 began to build, and in the follow ing year opened. a costly zoological station at Naples, where gather zoologists of different coun tries, xt hose researches. carried on under the most favorable auspices, have had a manifest influ ence on systematic, and more especially embyro logical and morphological. studies. This is a permanent institution established in a hand some structure built for the purpose near the sea, with a director and staff of assistants, and open to investigators throughout the year. Tables are offered to investigators of different countries, the expenses or rent being paid in some eases by the British, American. and other associations. universities, and other institutions. The base ment is occupied by a series of large, well-stoeked aquaria, and is open to the public. There are a large library-, separate work-rooms for investi gators, steamers for dredging. collection. and preparation, while the institution issues several publications of importance to zoologists.
This ;rent establishment has been the parent or forerunner of similar laboratories. The late distinguished French zoologist Baron II. Laeaze Duthiers founded and built at his own expense two well-equipped seaside laboratories. one at Roseoff. in Northwestern France, and the other on the Mediterranean. near the Spanish line, at Banyuls-su•-Men These have been utilized not only by French. Swiss. American, and English investigators, but by a large number of French students of the Sorbonne and the College de France. There is also a laboratory at Con carneau, under the auspices of the College de France, and still another at .\rcaehon. main tained by the 'University of Bordeaux. The city of Paris supports a Laboratoire d'erolution des tires organises, 3 Rue d'Ulm, directed by Prof. A. Giard, who has a private laboratory at Wim pereau, near Calais. These were followed by the Plymouth Laboratory, on the English Channel, at which work a small number of investigators, while in the slimmer season classes from Oxford. Cambridge. and Eton study under an instructor, one of the officers in charge. Other smaller -ea side laboratories have been established by Pro fessor Herdman near Liverpool. at AliIlport; one at Port Erin. on the Isle of Man; one mar Bristol; another near Aberdeen, on the North Sea coast ; and one near Dublin. on the Irish eoost. These are associated together, and con trolled by the 'Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,' and in part are supported by grants from the British Association, the Royal Society, etc. The Germans largely pat
ronize the Naples station, but have a small one at Helgoland. while the university at Vienna sustains a well-appointed one at Triest. The Russians have one at Sebastcmol, and also at Franche, on the Mediterranean; the Dutch on the coast of Holland; the Danes on their coast ; while the University of Tokio maintains one on the Japanese coast.
Floating marine laboratories, as they may be called (i.e. those on shipboard), were established en the British exploring ship Challenger during her five years' voyage around the world. and fully equipped laboratories have been furnished en the various exploring oceanic expeditions. in cluding the five recently sent out to the Antarctic seas by the German. Swedish. English, and Dutch governments.
The laboratories in connection with the fish eries commissions of the United States. Ger many, Norway, and Great Britain have been pro ductive of excellent results. both scientific and practical. Early in the seventies of the nine teenth century, Professor S. F. Baird, the founder of the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. and its first commissioner, was wont to establish at his summer headquar ters. in different seasons, at various points along the coast of New England, from Woods Hole to Ilarpswell. Maine, temporary laboratories. at which students were hospitably entertained. This led to the permanent establishment of two insti tutions at Woods Hole. The Woods llole Lab oratory has exerted much influence. To this school large numbers of investigators and college students have flocked. and it has been a most important means of training science teachers. The laboratory of the United States Fish Com mission at Woods Hole is a permanent institu open winter and sununer to experts. It is well equipped, and frequented by a large number of investigators and advanced students. its official organs are the and bulletins of the United States Fisheries Commission, and the entire plant is probably the most elaborate and extensive in the world. The marine labora tory established in 1902 at Beaufort, N. C., by the United States Fish Commission is still larger. and promises to he the leading one in this coun try. The floating laboratory of the Rhode island Commission of Inland Fisheries has carried on important work on the development and arti ficial culture of the clam and lobster, and the results have been published by the State.