JOACHIM (ji:Va-kini) OF FLO'RIS (c.1175 c.1202). A monk of the twelfth century, rever enced as a prophet by many in his own time, and for two centuries later. Be was born at Celico near Cosenza. Calabria, about 1145, became a Cistercian monk, and in 1177 is mentioned as Abbot of Cornea. After some years he re signed and betook himself to the wilderness near Cosenza for study. There he founded a mon astery, San Giovanni in Fiore, 25 miles east of Cosenza, and a new Order (Ordo Florensis). his Order was absorbed by the Cistercians in 1505. Joachim divided all time into three dispen sations: (1) that of the Father from the creation to the birth of Christ; (2) that of the Son, from the birth of Christ to 1260; (3) that of the Spirit, from 1260 to the end. His three principal writings are: Liber Concordia' ac Veteris Testamenti (printed at Venice, 1519) ; Psalterium Deemn Chordarum (1527) ; Expositio Apocalypsis (1527). Some of his opin
ions were condemned IT the Lateran Council of 1215. In 1254 a Minorite, Gherardino, of Borgo, San Donnino. who considered Joachim's works in spired. brought them out with an introduction, in which he described them as the "Everlasting Gos pel" (Erangelium ifterne). He made a sen sation, and led to their condemnation by the Uni versity of Paris on 31 propositions taken from his introduction and the writings of Joachim. Pope Alexander IV. in 1255 examined by commission these alleged heretical statements, with the re sult that Gherardino was censured, but ,Joachim was not. Consult: Ringer. Fables Respecting the Popes of the Middle Ages, (Eng. trans., New York, 1872) : Schneider, Joachim, mid die Apok alyptiker des ilittelalters (Dillingen, 1873) : Haupt, Zu• Gesehichte des Joachimismus (Go tha, 1885).