JOANNA I. (c.1327-82). Queen of Naples from 1343 to 1382, and Countess of Provence. She was the daughter of Charles, Duke of Cala LIM, and of Marie of Valois, and became Queen on the death of her grandtather, Robert the Wise. She was already married to her cousin Andrew, brother of Louis the Great, King of Hungary. This marriage had been made when they were mere children, in order to conciliate the rival claims to the throne of the two brandies of the Ilouse of Anjou. By the will of Robert, .Joanna was proclaimed his heiress; Andrew was to be only co-regent and Duke of Calabria, More over. Joanna was to become Queen only when twenty-live years of age. This will was unsatis factory to all parties. Joanna succeeded in hav ing herself crowned at once by the authority of the Pope; by the influence of Louis the Great, Andrew was also crowned. In 1345 the latter was murdered by conspirators, who, it was gem erally believed, mere instigated by .Joanna. Louis of Hungary declared war to avenge his brothers murder. In 1346 Joanna married Louis of Taran to, hut both were soon driven out by Louis the Great, who captured Naples and had himself crowned King. Ile was soon compelled to return home, as his army was decimated by the plague. In the meantime Joanna and her husband had taken refuge with the Pope at Avignon. They secured money by selling to the latter Avignon, which was a fief held by Joanna. They returned to Naples and drove out the Hungarian garri sons. Louis the Great made another expedition in which lie was at first successful. Then he met with reverses which led to a treaty suspend ing hostilities on condition that Joanna should be tried for the murder of Andrew, and if found guilty should forfeit the kingdom to Louis. She
was adjudged innocent. in 1352, by the Papal Court, and she and Louis of Taranto were crowned, The latter died in 1362, and Joanna married, about a year later, James of Aragon. titular King of Majorca. She allowed him no share in the government, and he spent his life in quest of adventure, generally outside the King dom of Naples. After he died, in 1375. Joanna married Mho of Brunswick, a condottiere. who received the title of Prince of Taranto. When Urban VI. and Clement VII. were elected to the Papacy by the rival factions of cardinals (1378) Joanna favored the latter. Urban thereupon crowned Charles of Durazzo King of Naples, which he claimed to control as a Papal fief. Charles, who was a cousin of Joanna, had been named by her as her successor before her last marriage. Later she had changed her will and named as her heir Louis of Anjou, brother of Charles V.. King of France. Charles of Durazzo. with the aid of the Pope and of Louis the Great, succeeded in capturing Joanna and had her put to death, Slay 22. 138'2. She had three children who died in infancy. Joanna was a wise ruler, capable, and generous. Iler court was renowned for its magnificence. Consult: Battaglia. Gio ranna prima, rcaina di Napoli (Padua, 1835) ; Horvilth, Gcseltiehte Ungarns (2d ed.. German trans., Budapest, 1876) c Szalay, Geschiehte rn garns, vol. ii. (Budapest• 1869).