JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. An in stitution of higher learning in Baltimore. Md., founded by Johns llopkins (q.v.). who be queathed over $7,000,000 for the establishment of a university and a hospital. The two institutions are closely affiliated, but each has its own funds and is controlled by a. distinct board of trustees. The university was incorporated August 24. 1867, several years before the founder's death, and in 1870 the first Board of Trustees was created. Early in 1874 the trustees began work of organization, and at the end of that year elected a president, Dr. Daniel Colt Gilman, who entered upon his duties in February. 1876. Instruction in the Department of Philosophy began in Octo ber of the same year. Temporary buildings were provided in the heart of the city. and the site proved to lie so convenient that the university has remained there for more than a quarter of a century. In Nay, 1889. the Johns Hopkins Hospital was opened. and the work of the Johns Hopkins 'Medical School was inaugurated in 1893. In 1902 a gift of a magnificent site in the suburbs of Baltimore was made, and an endowment fund of $1,000,000 was presented to the university by the citizens of Baltimore.
The university offers instruction to students of the following classes: (I) Under the faculty of philosophy: (a) college graduates and other advanced scholars, who may either proceed to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in literature or science, or pursue their studies for any length of time at their own discretion; (I)) under graduate students, who are candidates for the degree of Ihelielor of Arts: these may pursue one of seven parallel groups of studies; (e) students who have taken no degree and who desire to pH rsile work in the with out aiming at academic honors. (2) Under the faculty of medicine: (a) candidates for the degree of Doctor of :Medicine, for whom a four years' course is provided; (b) Doctors of :Medicine de siring to pursue special graduate courses. The undergraduate college was organized to meet the needs of those desiring 'a systematic discipline in liberal studies.' and since 1876 nearly 1700 students have received the collegiate training. The undergraduate work is rendered effective by certain features of organization not found to the same degree elsewhere. These conditions in clude the sharp distinction drawn between the disciplinary methods appropriate fur undergrad uate instruction and the freer methods of ad vanced study; the group arrangement of studies; the opportunities offered to students of excep tional attainments for carrying on work beyond that required for any degree; and the influence upon younger pupils of the presence of a large body of graduate scholars engaged in specialized work in the branches of learning. The most striking characteristics of the Johns Hop kins University, however, are the attractions offered to advanced students and the instruction given to them in seminaries and laboratories. These features were made tile prime consideration at the inception of the university at a time when the importance of university work did not receive its full measure of recognition in the United States. The first president succeeded in associating with him a small number of eminent specialists whose high standards and enthusiasm carried the neW institution through its experimental period. and earned for it pri macy in its field. For the encouragement of research Amerioan students, the univer sity annually awards tt large number of fellow ships and scholarships. Under the auspices of the university are published the American Jour nal of Philology, the .1 merican Journal of Mathematics, the American Journal. Memoirs from flit Biological Laboratory, the mNtudies in. Historical and Political Science, Mod ern Language Notes, Co»tributio»s to .Issyriology
and Comparat ire Semitic Philology. and the Journal of Experitnental Medicine.
The government of the university is vested in a board of twelve trustees, with the president as au ex-ollicio member. In the Philosophieni De partment an academie mincil, consisting, of the president and eight professors, is in supreme charge of the various departments of study, and exercises the right of appointing the fellows. A board of university studies, consisting of the president, eighteen professors. and sixteen asso ciate professors. has charge of the instruction of graduate students and of the examination of candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. A board of collegiate advisers, consisting of the president, the dean of the college, and representa tives from each of the chief departments of undergraduate study, directs the college work and conducts the examinations for the baccalau reate degree. The Medical School, which is a de partment of the university :mu is at the same time closely connected with the Johns Hop kins Hospital, has had a most important influ ence on the recent advances in medical edu cation. The course extends through four years. For admission, the bachelor's degree is required, or an equivalent course of preliminary training in the liberal arts, and especially in three branches of science—physics. chemistry. and biology. The principal buildings of the Philo sophical Department are NeCoy Hall. which con tains the library. the chief assembly-room. and numerous apartments for literary and historical studies; Levering Hall. devoted to the work of the Young INIen's Christian Association: Hopkins Hail, devoted to geology and mineralogy; the Chemical Laboratory: the Biological Labora tory: the Physical Laboratory; the nymnasimn; and the Administration Building. The medical department is provided with four large and well equipped laboratories: the Anatomical (known as the Women's Fund Memorial Building), the Physiological, the Pathological, and the Clinical. In 1902 the total value of the property under con trol of the university was $1,157.881. the endow ment $4.48S.841, and the gross income $258.083. The university has at various times received generous gifts, including one of $307,000 from Miss Mary E. Garrett of Baltimore. supplement ing a previous gift of 8112,000 from women in different parts of the country, which enabled the trustees to open the Medical School (1893), and, in accordance with the wishes of the benefac tors, women are admitted on the same terms as men. Two general subscriptions for the benefit of the university have been made in Baltimore, amounting to nearly '$350,000 in addition to the million-dollar endowment fund above referred to. For two years the Legislature of Maryland gave $50.000 per annum, $24,000 annually for the next two years, and ':'-'25.000 annually for the past two year:.
The library contains 108,000 volumes: more than 1200 periodicals are regularly received. The library supplements the valuable collections of the Peabody Institute, containing 146.000 vol umes. The Maryland Geological Survey and the Maryland Weather Bureau are closely con nected with the university, occupying rooms in the university buildings. In 1903 the faculty included 145 professors, associates, instructors, assistants, and lecturers. In the same year there were 695 students, of whom 189 pursued graduate courses under the philosophical faculty, and 344 ender the medical faculty, and 163 were enrolled in the undergraduate courses. These figures have varied but little during the last few years. Dr. Gilman resigned the presidency in November, 1900. the resignation taking effect at the end of the academie year. Professor Ira Remsen was chosen to succeed him, and he was formally in augurated February 22, 1902.