NEWMAN, FRANCIS WILLIAM (1805-97). An English scholar and writer, brother of John Henry Newman. He was born in London, June 27, 1805, and, with his brothers, attended the school at Ealing. Thence he passed to Worcester College, Oxford, and in 1826 obtained a fellow ship in Balliol College. He withdrew from the university in 1830, declining the subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles. After a tour in the East he was appointed classical tutor in Bristol College (1834). In 1840 he accepted a similar professorship in Manchester New Col lege, and in 1846 was appointed to the chair of 1.atin in University College, London, which he held till 1869. During all this time he was an active contributor to literary and scientific peri odicals, and maintained a lending part. in the controversies on religion, in which he took the line directly opposite to that chosen by his elder brother, being no less ardent as a disciple of the extreme rationalistic school than .John Henry Newman of the dogmatical. These opinions, and the system founded upon them, form the subject of his work, Phases of Faith, or Passages from the History of My Creed (1350) ; and the book a religions autobiography, recounting Newman's transformation from a Calvinist to a rationalistic theist. In 1849 he had published The Soul, its Sorrows and its Aspirations, a sym pathetic though trenchant examination of man's spiritual nature in its relation to God. Probably
for these two books, strongly personal and ear nest and less eccentric than most of his other writings, Newman will be best remembered. He was extraordinarily versatile and treated his many subjects with marked enthusiasm and ability. Of his many publications. those re garding religious controversy, besides the two already mentioned, include: Catholic Union: Es says Towards a Church of the Futu-re (1844) ; A State Church ot Defensible (1845). Political and social topics are represented by: Radical Reforms, Financial and Organic (1848) ; Lectures on Political Ecowomy (1851) ; On. the State Itro vision for Vice (1871); Remedies for the Great Social Evil (1889) ; Europe of the Near Future (1871). A large number are devoted to his torical, classical, and scientific subjects, the most important of which are: Contrasts of :1-ncient and Modern, History (i847); translations into `unrhymed metre' of the Odes of Horace (1853) and the Iliad of Homer (1856) ; a treatise on Difficulties of Elementary Geometry ( 1841) ; Handbook of Modern Arabic (186(i) ; Orthoepy (1869) ; Mind/attics ( 1869-89) ; Dictionary of Modern Arabic (1871) ; Early History of Car dinal Ne1C111(111, ( 1891). He died at Weston-super Mare, October 4, 1897.