GERMANY. The news sheets of the sixteenth century led to the newspapers that began to appear just after 1009. Frankfort-on-7Nlain was among the first with the Frankf urter Journal (1015) and the Frankfurter Oberpostanitszei tang (1616), which, as the Frankfurb•r Post zeitany, lived till 1500. Periodical papers were soon established in other towns. as Strassburg, Nuremberg, Hililesheim, Augsburg, Hamburg. and Leipzig (1000). The !lumbar gischtr Correspondent (1714). still existing, is famed as being the first to have a regular foreign correspondent. a French refugee living in Eng land ( 1725-35 ) . The Allymnrine Zeit uny, st a rted at Augsburg in 1795 and published since 1553 at :Munich. from the first a weighty organ. now ,ranks among the foremost papers of Germany. The press in Germany was long under severe restrictions. The press laws of Germany are in theory liberal. In practice, however, by a rigid application of the law in regard to lese majestic, the courts have come to construe almost any criticism of eurrent administration as an insult to the constituted authorities. Even a comment on the frequency of railroad accidents has been visited with court proceedings, and the editor of Kladderadatsch was imprisoned for two months for a cartoon which represented a group of great soldiers of the past reading the Emperor's speech to his guard, declaring that it was necessary to he a good Christian in order to be a goal soldier. Berlin has over twenty-five dailies, among which are the Fossisehe /Alan!): the Norddcutsehe Allgumeine Zeitung; the :Vette Prcussixchc Zeit ; Na lona 1-Zei I g ; the Baidschau; Germania, and the Folks zritung. The Co/ogne Casette is noted for its
foreign news. From all the great cities of Ger many issue many weeklies, some of Which are illustrated. The leading comic periodicals are Fliegrnde Bliitter and Jugend...1111160i, and Klad deradatsch, Berl in.
AusrmA-IltrNoAny took an active part in the early history of journalism and has kept abreast with modern methods. Of the Vienna dailies, numbering about fifteen, the most important are he Ncue Presse; Nears Wiener Tam-Watt Wiener Allyoneine Zeit any; Deutsche Zritutly; the semi-official Fremdentdatt; and the official Wiener Zeit ung, with its semi-official evening edi tion, Wiener A bendpost. Budapest has twenty seven dailies, of which Pesti :Van/o (Pest Daily), Egyet,'rty's (Union), and Prsti llirlap (Pest Gazette) are the most prominent in Hungarian, and the Pester Lloyd and Neucr rester Journal in German. Among the provincial papers the foremost in German are the Rohrtnia. in Prague; I he Grassi r Tagespost, the Tries' Cr Zeit vita; in Czech. the Vuirodai Listy (National News), in Prague; in Polish, the Czos (Times). in Cracow; and in Italian, the hob-pet/dente. in 'Priest. .\s in France. Considerable space is given by the press of Germany and Austria to literary reviews and short stories.