HISTORY. The territory included within the limits of the present State was claimed by the Dutch without any definite boundaries as a part of New Netherland, and between 1614 and 1621 settlements were made in what is now Bergen County, Swedes and Danes also settled on the Delaware River, but were brought the jurisdiction of the Dutch by Governor Stuyve sant. In 1664 this whole region was granted to dames. Duke of York, by Charles 11., but before dames took possession he conveyed to John, Lord Berkeley, and Sir George Carteret the land between the Delaware and Hudson rivers, bounded on the north by a line drawn from 41° 21' on the Delaware River to 41° on the Hudson, the present IHnindaries. In 1664 65 Berkeley and Carteret granted a form of government and settlement, the 'Concessions,' which allowed a popular assembly, and under which the colony was governed until the Revolu tion. Philip Carteret was sent over as Governor in 1665, and made Elizabeth-Town his capital. On Alareh 18, 1674, Berkeley sold his interest to John Eenwick, in trust for Edward ]y1 hinge, both Quakers, for £1000, and in 1676 the province was divided by a line drawn from Little Egg Harbor to the northwest corner. The Quakers took the western half, known as 'West New Jersey,' while Carteret retained 'East New Jersey.' Soon Byllinge surremlered his title to 'William Penn and others as trustees for his creditors, and West Jersey was divided into one hundred shares, of which Fen wick retained ten. Each of these shares carried with it the same rights of so% l'reignty which had been granted to the Duke of York. When the question was raised as to whether the Duke of York, not being a sovereign. could transfer the rights of govern ment. Sir Edtmind Andros, then Governor of New York, arrested l'hilip Carteret and Fenwick, and attempted to assume control. Ile was forced to give way in 1651, however, and the colonies continued to be governed by the pro prietors. In 1682 Carteret's heirs sold East Jersey to William Penn and his associates. The proprietors of both colonies in 1702 ceded their right of government to the Crown, and the colo nies were united and placed under the Governor of New York, though New' Jersey retained its sep arate assembly. There was freedom of worship, but political privileges were withheld from Roman Catholics, and even as regards others the possession of at least two hundred acres of laud or of property valued at £50 was a necessary qualification for the suffrage. In
1738 the province received a separate Gov ernor. Manufacturing began very early. A paper mill was established at Elizabeth in 1728, and in 1769 forty of were in operation. By 1750 the population was about 80,000. A glass factory was begun in 174S. In 1791 the Society for the Encouragement of Useful Manu factures was chartered, with the exclusive right of utilizing the falls of the Passaic, and the town of Paterson was founded. The first Provincial Congress met at New Brunswick, July 21, 1774. In 1776 the Royal Governor, William Franklin. was deposed, and on July' , 1776, the Provincial Congress adopted a 'C'onstitution' for the 'Colony of New Jersey' without submitting it to the people. Under this instrument the Governor was to be chosen annually, and was to he executive. president of the council, and chancellor, thus combining executive, legislative, and judicial functions. On July 18th the Provincial Congress ratified the national Declaration of Independ ence, and changed the title of the colony to the 'State of New Jersey.' During the Revolution the State did its full duty, and was the scene of many of the battles of the war. (For military operations during the War of the Revolution, see UNITED STATES.) The State hesitated to enter a Federal union out of fear of the larger States. In the constitutional convention of 1787 William Paterson (q.v.), one of her delegates, proposed the famous 'New Jersey Plan,' which provided for a single legislative House, in which each State should have one vote. The State ratified the Con stitution, December 18, 1787. The capital was fixed at Trenton in 1790, and the history of New Jersey for many years after that was one of increasing prosperity. In 1844 a new contitntion was adopted, providing for a term of three years for the Governor, and taking away his judicial duties. In 1375 the Constitution was thoroughly revised. The word 'white' was struck from the suffrage clause, though, of course, it had been a dead letter since the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Politically, the State has generally inclined to ward the Democratic Party. In 1796, 1800, and 1812, it supported the Federalist candidates; from 1836 to 1848 it was Whig: in 1860 it gave four votes to Lincoln and three to Douglas: in 1872 it east its vote for Grant: and in 1896 and 1900 it went Republican on the money question. The following is a list of the colonial and State Governors of New Jersey: