"INDIA. The deportation clause in the early libel act. censorship, and a rigid license net restricted journalism in India• and a press law still leaves all newspapers published in the vernacular subject to 11111111111sIratiVe S1111Dre...1011, Anglo-Indian journalism began with the Indian Worbl, Calcutta, edited by \\'illiain Duane in 1794, deported by the East India Company. Ile was afterwards editor of the .turora, Phila delphia. Pa. About thirty years later .1. S. Buckingham was deported for a like reason. In nine newspapers were started and soon Early in the nineteenth century the English papers were the Etiotishman, started in 1821 as John Bull in the L'aRl! Ilirpinrrrt, Cal cutta star, a lid I'rir/id of India. )Ineh of lititlyard early work appeared in the Lahore Ciril and 11 Hilary an:, Hr. 11(Calclitla (line dailies are published in English and seven in the vent:tent:tr. The Indian Daily 11 irror (1863) is the first daily in English edited by natives, The Lfinda of Madras is the oldest daily in that city. In five dailies in English are conducted by natives. There are in the Empire about 140 English and about 300 native newspapers. The large-t circu lation of the latter is 23,000, and most circulate a few hundreds. The vernacular prey is for the most part bitterly opposed to the Government, and is generally edited by Bengalis.
AtTsznALAstA Axn SOUTH AFRICA. Journalism in Australia began With the Sydney Gazette and New• South Wales A drertiser (1803-04), of which but one complete file is in existence at the Sydney ( :nye rnment House. The history of
journalism in Australia is scattered with failures from 1810 to 1860. But to-day the dailies and weeklies of large circulation are numerous. Though the press has been estab lished in the small towns, the great journalistic centres are Melbourne and Sydney; and next to them, -Adelaide and Brisbane. We may cite for Melbourne, the Argus, the Age, and the nu merous journals deY cited to building, mining„ stock-raising, and shipping; for New South Wales, the Sydney _Morning Herald, the Aus tralian Star, and the Daily Telegraph ; for South Australia, the Register; for Queensland, the Brisbane Courier. The Australian papers are remarkable for the large number of pages in an issue. larger in proportion to ruipulation and circulation than in any other country, particu larly in the case of weeklies.
New Zealand's first paper was the New Zea land Herald (1841), now consolidated with the Auckland It was published for a year, revived (1863) by W. C. Wilson, and merged in its present ownership (1864). It is one of two dailies in Auckland. The Times. Wellington, is a typical and leading daily. A Maori paper, Tr Pakio Matirki, is published by a former chief. Tawhiao. The newspaper has followed the colonist. to Cape Colony. Natal. and to other British possessions in Africa, and throughout the world. Cape Colony has several weeklies and three dailies, of which may be mentioned the Cape Argus and the Cape Times, both daily and weekly,