MEMORIALS FOR THE DEAD. Combined with the fear of the dead is a desire, primarily, perhaps, based on anxiety to propitiate the ghost by a proof of suitable mourning. and later founded on real affection, to preserve the memory of the departed. The Andamanese widow carefully dries the skull of her deceased husband, paints it with ochre, decorates it with rude lace-work, and wears it for a memorial about the neck. Analo gous synecdochic preservation of the dead is al most universal among primitive peoples. The Eskimo place by the side of the grave the huge jaw of a whale. The Northern Pacific tribes set up great posts of cedar. The ancient people of the Mississippi Valley built mounds of earth and stone. In Easter Island images cut in lava were memorials. The Tahitians set up little models of their houses about six feet high where the of a chief clothed and rubbed with aromatic sub stances, was laid while offerings were made. These
all tell the same story. As •culture advanced monuments (q.v.) became inure elaborate, and the modern cemetery differs from the primitive memorials in degree rather than itt kind.
..\scitteTtoNs To THE DLAI,. The custom of eu logizing the dead is ext winely primitive and an cient. The Poie nesians had professional bards who composed elegies which were committed to memory and preserved. 'These recited oft special I .4•(•;1,i0IIS When the (1(•all Were Irlent The -111Ieriea 11111i:111S had a solemn style of speech for such occasions tluile allolVe tic grasp of the ordinary man, while the great. epics of I ireeCe and 111)Ille :111011n1 in passages over the of deepest pathos. Ilere, too, belong the entire of epitaphs, or memorial inscriptions placed on hold's in honor of the dead who are laid in them. U El A L.