MULLER, FRimucli MAN (couniumly called Max) (1522-1900). Ilse of the best known of re cent lrientalists and philologists. Ile was born at Dessau. in the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau, De eember 1523, where his father, the poet. helm Midler (q.v.), W113 librarian of the ducal library. llax Muffler received the elements of Iris edueation at Dessau, and then went to Leip zig, where, 'under Hermann Ilnickhaus• he began the study of Sanskrit. This he soon chose as his special pursuit, and at the age of twenty he was ready for the degree of doctor of philosophy. The first fruits of his labors appeared in a transla tion of the Ilitiipadc'sa (18441. In 1811 lie went to Berlin to study under Hopp and Schelling, and to consult the Sanskrit manuscript, there. In Paris, whither he went in 1845, he began, at the suggestion of Burnonf, to prepare an edition of the Rig-Veda, with the commentary of SHyana (q.v.). With this view he went to England, June, 1846, to examine the manuscripts in the East In ilia House, London, and the Bodleian Library at Oxford. and, on the recommendation of the dis tinguished Sanskritist 11. II. Wilson, the East India. Company coin Illi!,sioned him (1847) to [slit the Rig-Veda at their expense. The first volume of this great undertaking appeared In 1849, and the sixth and concluding volume was published in 1574. A second edition was issued in 1589-92. In 1850 ;lax \Itille• was appointed deputy Taylorian professor of modern languages at Oxford: in 1854 he succeeded to the professor ship, and in 1858 he was elected a fellow of All Souls' College. Mille pursuing his labors con nected with the Rig-Veda lie published treatises on a variety of philological topics which (lid more to awaken in England a taste for the sci ence of language in its modern sense than the labors of any other single scholar. Inheriting the poetic imagination and fire of his father, he had at command such a felicity of illustration that subjects dry under ordinary treatment be came in his hands attractive. The lectures which
he delivered on the Hilibert. Foundation on the (trigin and Growth. of Brij yiOn (1878), and the Gifford series on Natural Re/if/ion, Physical W I/pion, Anthropological Religion, and Theosophy or Psychological Riliyion 11890-92 ) , attracted mueli attention. He continued to publish on literary, linguistic, and philosophical subjects up to the time of his death, which occurred at Ox ford. October 2S, 1900. ..1niong his long list of works, mention may be made of a translation into German of Kalidasa's MFghadfita (1847) ; The Language of tla Seat of War in the East (2d ed. 1855) ; Comparalir( Mythology (in the "Oxford Essays" for 1556) ; History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature 12d ed. 1860) ; lectures on 7'he Science of Language (1861; last ed. 1889) ; The Science of Religion (1870). Chips from a German Workshop, in four volumes, was pub lished 1868-75; the Ilibbert Lectures on the Ori gin and Growth of Religion, in 1878; Selected Essays, in 1881; Six Systems of Indian Philos ophy (1,999); .1nld /mug Syne (1st and 2d series, 18119) : and Thm/kris/ow, llis Life and Sayings (1899). His translation of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. with a scholarly introduction, ap peared in two volumes (1881). He wrote a romance, Deutsehe Liebe (12th ed. 1901). He was editor of the important series The Sacred Books of the East was one of the eight foreign members of the Institute of France. a Knight of the Prussian Order, a member of the Privy Coun cil of the Queen of England, besides being the recipient of many honorary degrees. After his death appeared his Last Essays (19(11) and 1/p Autobiography (1901), edited by his son. Con sult Life and Letters of the Right Honorable Friedrich 1/a.r .1/ii//er, edited by his wife (Lon don, 1903).