Population, in 1800, 4049; in 1830, 20,345; in 1870, 50.840; in 1SSO, 62,S82; in 1890, 81,298; in 1900, 108,027, including 30,800 persons of foreign birth and 2900 of negro descent.
In 1637 a small company of Puritans under John Davenport. their pastor, and Theophilus Eaton, a wealthy London merchant, arrived in Boston, and in the following year settled at New Haven. then ca lied by the Indians Quinnipiac. Adriaen Block had previously visited the place and named it Roodenberg, probably from the red dish color of the soil. In November the new set tlers bought from an Indian chief, Momanguin. a large tract of land, for which they paid "twelve coats, twelve alchytny spoons. twelve hatchets. twelve hoes, tu•o dozen of knives, twelve por ringers. and four eases of French knives and scissors." Motnanguin agreed that the Indians should not "terrify, disturb, or injure" the whites, who. in return. promised to protect the Indians and extend hunting privileges in part of the eeded territory. In December another thirteen miles long and tett miles wide was bought from another Indian chief, Monto wese, for thirteen English coats. Immedi ately after lauding the settlers had entered into a 'plantation covenant.' but a regular govern ment was not established until the 'Fundamental and Written Constitution' was adopted in •tune, 1639. The privileges of voting and holding office were limited to church members, and the Scrip tures were solemnly proclaimed as the supreme and only law in both civil and ecclesiastical af fairs. Eaton was em sere as first Governor, and by successive elections was retained in this office until hi, death in 1658. In 1640 the settlement reeeived its present name (front Newhaven. Eng land), and three years later it formed with :Mil ford. Guilford, and Stamford (Southhold. L. L. and Branford. Conn., living admitted later) a confederation known as the 'New Haven Colony.' whieh, in the same year. entered the New Eng
land U111011. From 1660-64 the regicides GofTe and Whalley found shelter in and r New Haven (see above), and from 1670 to his death in 1688, another regicide, Dixwell, lived here under the name of 'dames in 1665. after a and hitter struggle. the New Haven Colony was Milted to Connecticut tinder the Connectieut charter of 1662. In 1701 New Haven was made joint capital with Hartford, and as such remained until 1873. In 1717 Yale College was moved here from Saybrook. On July 5, 1779. a British force under Generals Tryon and Garth captured (lie town after fighting sharp skirmishes with the inhabitants. and remained here until the ith, having lost about 70 killed. while of the Americans 29 were IT wounded. In 1784 part of New Haven was in corporated as a city. Until its shipping trade was crippled by the Embargo and the War of 1812, New II:n•en was an important commercial port, lint since t11011 it s energies have been do voled mainly to manufacturing. Steamboal coin nmnieation n•ith Nett• York was opened in 1815, and the first railroad was completed in 1848. In 1856 a company left New Haven to help found Wahannsee. ham Haven was annexed in 1870. Consult: Lambert. History of ihr of Yro• llaren (New Itaven, MS) : Kingsley. .1 lli.rtm-ica/ Discourse (ib.. 1838) ; Barber and Pu nil cr,on lliktory and .I yliynitics of Veil• Haven Ob.. 18701: Levermore, Republic of eu• flaren ( Baltimore. 188(i ) : At wa ler, History of the ("Hy of New flares! (ib., ISS7): id., History of the Co/ony of Yew Hagen, nett• ed. (ib.. 1902) ; Bart lett, Historical Sketches of New Haven (lb., 1897) ; and a brief article in Powell, Historic Towns of the New England Stales (New York, ; Blake, Chronicles of New Buren Green (New Haven, 1898) ; Baldwin. Stories of Old Neu. Haven (ib., 1902) ; Papers of the New llaren Colony Historical Society (6 vols., ib., 1865-1900).