NEW HAVEN. The county-seat of New Haven County, Conn., and the largest city of the State, situated at the head of New Haven Bay, four miles from Long Island Sound. and on the main line and several leased lines of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, 73 miles east by north of New• York and 36 miles distant from Hartford, the State capital (Map: Connecticut. D 4).
New Haven is widely known as the 'City of Elms'—these famous trees bordering many of the streets and surrounding 'The Green,' a public square in the heart of the town at originally laid out. The city occupies about square miles on a level plain, bounded east and west by the Quinnipiae and West rivers. and inclosed by hills, two spurs of which, East Rock and West Rock, rise to a height of 360 and 400 feet, respectively, and command fine views. East Rock is the pic turesque point in an attractive park, its summit crowned by a Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, while on the slope of West Rock is Judge's Cave, where the two regicides, Golfe and Whalley, lay in concealment for a time. There are parks over looking the harbor and other smaller inclosures, the entire public park system comprising 1100 acres. The city has some 200 miles of streets, about 70 miles of which are paved, a large pro portion with macadam, and drained by 95 miles of *ewers. New haven is the seat of Yale Uni versity (q.v.), which, with its buildings and its historical and educational prominence, is the chief attraction. There are other note worthy educational institutions, namely, Hopkins Grammar School (founded in 1660), Hillhouse High School. Boardman Manual Training School, and a State normal school. The more important charitable institutions include the New Haven and Grace hospitals, and Saint Francis (Roman Catholic) and New Haven orphan asylums. The Public Library contains more than 52.000 vol umes, and there are also valuable collections be longing to the American Oriental Society, New Haven Colony ITistorical Society, New Haven Orphan Asylum, State Board of Health, and the Young men's Institute. Among other features are several churches built in the early years of the nineteenth century, and the old burying ground in Grove Street. in which are the graves
of Noah Webster, Timothy Dwight, B. Silliman, Eli Whitney. Samuel F. B. Morse, Theodore Win throp, Presidents Day, Woolsey, and l'orter, James D. Dana, and W. D. Whitney.
The commercial interests of the city lie in a distributing and coastwise trade, the latter being facilitated by an excellent natural harbor, which has been greatly improved, and which was once the scene of extensive shipbuilding. New Haven ranks first among the industrial centres of the State. Its manufactures, representing, accord ing to the census of 1900, an invested capital of $30,463,000, and having an annual production valued at $40,762,000, include carriages, clocks, firearms and ammunition. rubber goods, cor sets, hardware, foundry and machine-shop prod ucts, slaughtering and meatpacking products, boxes, etc. There are also large railroad repair shops.
New Haven is the name borne by three distinet administrative corporations—the city, town, and school district of New Haven—the town being coextensive with the limits of the city; thus New Haven maintains a town and a city gov ernment. The city government is vested in a mayor, elected every two years, a bicameral council, and in administrative officers, the major ity of whom are appointed by the executive. hut with the following exceptions: assistant. city clerk, elected by the council; and city clerk, controller. *.herilf, treasurer, and collector of taxes, chosen by popular vote. New Haven spends annually. in maintenance and operation, about 81.415.000; the principal items of expense being $380,000 for schools, $190,000 for the police department. $150, 000 for interest on debt. $140,000 for the fire department. $90.000 for street cleaning and sprinkling. $80,000 for municipal lighting, and $75,000 for charitable institutions. The assessed valuation of property. real and personal. is more than $11.5.000,000. including exemptions, and the bonded debt is over $3,750,000.