NEWFOUNDLAND, nit'ffind-liind'. A Brit ish colony in North America,comprising the island of Newfoundland and its dependency, Labrador. The island lies across the entrance to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence between latitudes 46° 35' and 31 40' N., and between longitudes 35' and 39 23' W. It is separated from the eastern ex tremity of Labrador in the north by the Strait or Belle Isle, 10 miles wide, while Cabot Strait separates it from Cape Breton Island, milts to the southwest. Newfoundland is that part of North America which lies nearest to Europe, its distance from Valentia in Ireland being 1640 miles. It is roughly triangular in shape. meas uring 317 miles from Cape IZay. its southwestern, to Cape Norman. its northernmost point, while the distance from Cape Anguille in the extreme west to Cape Spear in the east is 310 miles. The total area of the island is 42.200 square miles. The coastline is extremely irregular, being in dented with numerous large bays studded with countless islands, and ramifying into narrow tiords which run far into the interior. In the southeast the Bay of Placentia and Trinity Bay run in from opposite sides of the island, cutting off the .Nvalon Peninsula, which is connected with the mainland by a very narrow isthmus. In the northwest there is a corresponding peninsula, though less detacingl, known as Le Petit Nord. at the head of which the coast is deeply indented by White Bay. _Many of the bays form com modious and well-sheltered harbors with deep water close to shore.
TorthatAelty. The coasts are nearly every where bold and nugget]. presenting a line of rocky
cliffs from 200 to 400 feet high• broken by the fissures which form the entramps to the fiords. the Bay of Islands on the west coast, the sinall rocky islets ore 1000 feet high. while the shores of the bay rise in Blomidon Cliff to a sheer height of 2123 fett from the water's edge. The interior is an undulating plitean of mod erate elevation traversed by a number of ridges which terminate in the headlands, and which, like all the chief physical features, river valleys, Headlands. and geological formations. run di across the island from southwest to northeast. The principal ridge is the Long Range, W iell runs along the entire western coast, and has numerous peaks from 1500 to 2000 feet High. Avalon Peninsula is rugged and hilly, and scattered over the interior plateau are a number of isolated peaks known as 'tolls; Newfoundland has an alum (bon, of lakes. ponds, and streams. The prin cipal rivers flow toward the northeast coast, ex cept the Number. which breaks thronri the Long Range and (gams the Bay of Islands. The larg est stream is the Exploits River, which flows through a chain of long lakes stretching almost across the island. its length being 200 miles. The rivers. however, cannot be used as means of communication except as canoe routes for bunt ers. The largest lake is Grand Pond, 56 miles long. with an area of 192 square miles, and there are several others almost this in size.