NIU-CHWANG. mVcbwpim`', or YING.TsF. The only t renty port of Manehuria. China. situated in the Province of shite•-kine.. about 13 miles from the month of the Liao !liver. which falls into the Gulf of Pe-chi-li, and on the southern branch of the Trans-Siberian line (Map: China, F 3).
It has greatly increased in importance since the construction of the Trans-Siberian line, and the recent Russian acquisitions in the southern part of the peninsula, which make Nin eliwang the only port of Nanchuria open to foreign trade. The vicinity of Niu-chwang is not very productive agriculturally, but hnportant coal mines have lately been opened along the rail way line, and the city acquires additional im portance from its railway connection with Tien-tsin and Peking. The chief exports are beans, bean cake, and oil, which go largely to Japan. The imports consist mostly of cotton goods, which come largely from the United States, petroleum, and opium. The value of the exports in 1900 was nearly $8,000,000, of which the exports to foreign countries amounted to about $2,700,000. The imports for the same
year were valued at over $7,000,000, of which foreign imports amounted to over $5,000,000.
Niu-chwang has a considerable foreign colony, and many consular representatives, including two from the United States. The population of the city is estimated at 50.000. Nin-chwang, or rather the small town of the same name, about 40 miles from the coast, was opened to foreign trade by the treaty of 1858. The pres ent port was taken by the Japanese in 1095, and was originally a part of toe territorial con cessions of China, but Japan was forced to re linquish it. Since the uprising of Manchuria against Russia in 1900 Niu-chwang has been occupied by Russia, and its administration is still to a large extent in Russian hands, although the date set for its evacuation (April 8, 1003) is passed.