NORWICH, itherich or nor'rij. Capital of Norfolk. Englaml. and a county in itself, on the Wensum, immediately above its confluence with the Pare. 20 miles west of Yartnonth. and 115 miles north-northeast of London NI:tp: Eng land. 11 4). The town covers all area of about five miles in eircumforenee, and is skirted on its north and east sides by the river. On the west and south it was by walls which have been removed to make room for the extension of the city. In the market-place and its vicinity are many large shops and good houses. The castle, finely situated on an elevation near the centre of the town. originally eovenal with its works an area of about 23 acres. The bridge OVI-r the ditch has Clue of the largest and most perfect Anglo-Norman arches in existenee. The massive quadrangular Norman keep is now used as a museum. The cathedral, almost wholly Norman in plan, was founded in 1094 V Bishop Herbert Losinga. It is 411 feet long. 191 feet broad at the transepts. and is surmounted by a spire 315 feet high. Near the cathedral are a number of ancient and interesting structures now more or less in ruins. among \Odell may be Saint Ethelbert's and the Erpingham Tate. the former in Deeorated English. the latter in late Perpendicular. and both valuable and rich specimens of their styles. There are many places of worship. of which Saint Peter's Alaneroft, a handsome crneiform edifice of the fifteenth een tury, with a remarkably tine peal of 12 bells. Saint Andrew's, Saint Clement's, Saint tienrge'q, Saint nilos's Saint Michael's. and others are worthy of mention. The free grammar ...hoed was founded by Edward VI. The city possesses public recreation grounds covering an area of 200 acres, and owns profitable real estate, markets, and a sewage farm. It also maintains a tree public
library, baths, Norwich Castle, gardens, and mu seum, and provides allotments and edu cation. 'Three miles south of Norwich is Castor Saint Edmunds, which prior to the Roman Era was called Caister, and under the Romans re ceived lla• name Venta Icenortun. It is the seat of extensive and flourishing industries, anumg which are the manufacture of mustard, starch, hem, shoes, foundry lr•oducts, and agricultural implements, and dyeing and malting. It has also extensive nursery gardens. The city was one 14 the earliest manufacturing centres for textiles in England. This branch of industry, however, has declined. Its shipping trade, facilitated by a canal and river system of communication with the sea, is chiefly in agricultural products and coal. Annual fairs are held.
Norwich occupies a place in history from the time of the earliest Danish invasions. it had its origin in the castle erected as a stronghold by the East Anglian kings, and resorted to as a place of safety by the inhabitants of Yenta Icenorum, who gave it the name of Not•lh-wic, or northern station or town. The East Anglian bishopric• was removed hither in 1094. About 4000 Flemings settled at Norwich in the reign of Elizabeth, and gave great impetus to the prosperity of the town by the branches of manu facture which they introduced. The municipality dates from the reign of 11. Noru•ich returns two members to Parliament. Population, in 1851, 68,000; in 1891, 10E300; in 1901, 111, 728. Consult: .Iessopp, Norwich ( London, 1584 ) ; Bayne. History of (enrich ( Norwich, 1889) ; Quennell. Norieich Cathedral, with a His tory of the lice (London, 1898).