NUREMBERG, nii'rem-Ikrg (Ger. Nurnberg, nnrieliCrK). The second city of Bavaria, Ger many, situated on the Pegnitz, about 1/5 miles north-northwest of Munich (Map: Germany. 1) 4). It consists of the inner town (still partly walled. and divided by the river into the two parts Sebalderseite and Lorenzerseite, named after its two principal churches) and a number of suburbs where the chief industrial establish ments of the city are found. The inner town. with its red-roofed houses and gables facing the street. its numerous churches, and its architectu ral monuments, is of unusual interest. Nurem berg being the only large city in Germany which has preserved its modia.val appearance to such a remarkable degree. Its fine samples of domes tic• architecture date mostly from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the period of its fullest political and artistic development, when Diirer. Kraft. Viseher, Sloss, and others made it the centre of German art.
The Church of Saint Lawrence. the finest in the city. was originally built in the thirteenth century. and was restored in the nineteenth een t on% it is Gothie in style, with beautiful stained glass windows, and lots a remarkable stone Ci borium with figures supposed to be those of Adam Nraft and his two pupils. Saint Sebaldus is con sidered one of the finest Gothie ehurehes of Ger many. It was built in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and was recently restored. It contains some of the best samples of the work of Nurem berg artists, notably the tomb of Saint Sebablus by Peter Viseher. the Sehreyer 3Ionument by Adam Kraft. and the Last Judgment over the southern entrance. by the same artist. NVorthy of mention are also the Marienkirehe, with its fine portal, paintings by Wedge-ninth, and its curious (-look, and the Gothic Church of Saint John.
Among the examples of seeular architecture, the Kaiserburg deserves to be considered first. :IA the nucleus of the city. It was probably founded by Henry 11. It was enlarged by Frederick Bar learossa. and is now used in its restored form as
a royal residence. It is situated on a roek at the northern end of the old town and contains many objects of art. At the foot of the castle hill stands the town hall. built. in Italian Ilenaissanee in 1010-22 and restored hi 1884-89. Its chambers are decorated with frescoes and paintings by Nuremberg artists, and in the court stands a fine fountain dating from the sixteenth century.
Among the numerous old private houses of Nuremberg may be mentioned the Nassaner Bans, a Gothic building of the fourteenth century, the houses of Diirer and flans Sachs,and the Rup precht House. The chief modern buildings are the theatre, the law courts, and the chamber of commerce. A/any of t he spiares of Nuremberg are adorned with beautiful fountains and statues, of which the most noteworthy are the Selliine Brun nen, a Gothic pyramid (fourteenth century) cov ered with numerous statues, the statue of Diirer by Rauch, the fountain in the goose mar ket, the Tugendbrunnen (1589), near the Church of Saint Lawrence, the statue of the poet Konrad Grithel, and the Kraft stations near Saint John's Cemetery, consisting of a number of pillars adorned with reliefs by Kraft.
The Nafional Germanic Aluseum, for the pur pose of preserving the monuments and promoting the knowledge of German art and culture in prehistoric and historic times. was founded at a congress of German antiquaries in 1852. The plan was approved by the Bavarian and other German governments, and found enthusiastic sup port among the general public.
In 1857 the museum was located in its present site at Nuremberg, a former Carthu sian monastery being purchased to house its col lections. The neighboring priory of the Angus tines has been recently restored and made a part of the museum• which now forms a picturesque feature in the medimeval quarter of the city. private art collections, like those of the city of Nuremberg, have been placed in cus tody of the museum.