OLLIVIER, 61(vvyiV, EMILE A French statesman. He was born at Marseilles, and studied there for the bar. Ledru-Rollin made him Commissary General at Marseilles in 1848, and C'avaignae appointed him Prefect of the De partment of the next year. He soon resumed his law practice. however, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly from Paris in 1857. As one of the 'Five' that constituted the opposition during the esrly Empire, he gained great reputation as an orator. Gradually lie be came a Conservative, and filially a Bonapartist. On January 2, 1870. Napoleon called him to be head of a constitutional Cabinet. Whether duped or bought, he became subservient to the Emperor, and lost the support of his fellow Ministers. He entered upon the German War with a light heart,' and after the first disasters, discredited, with all his colleagues, he retired. August 9, 1870. He became a member of the French Acad emy in 1870. He wrote: Th'inoeratie et liberté (1867); Lamartine (1574); L'(';//ise et root au eoneile du Vatican (1879); niers a l'Aeademie et dans rhistoire (1579) Nourcan Jimmie] de droit ceelesiastique franeals (1555) ; Le con cordat et le gallicanisme (1885); L'empire liberal (1894-98).
OLMEDO, 61-inaW, JosE JoAqUIX ( 1782 1847). A Spanish-American poet, born at Guayaquil, Ecuador. lle was educated for the bar and practiced law in his native city. Afterwards he took a prominent part in politics, was a mem ber of the Junta de Gobierno of Guayaquil (1820), the Constitutional Assembly of Peru (1S23), Minister Plenipotentiary to London, Vice-President of Ecuador, and Governor of the Department of Guayas. He was one of the lead ers in the revolution of 1845, but did not receive the expected election to the Presidency. His best known poem is an ode addressed to General Boli var, as the deliverer of Peru. The works of Ohnedo are very popular in South America, though his style is a little antiquated. They are to be found in Gutierrez, .1/nirien Pcn'tica (184(1); the Poesias inf'ditas de °hued° and Ilerrera's Apuntes biogrdfieos de D. J. J. Waled° (Quito, 1887).