MUNN, ORSON DESAIX (1824— ). An Ameri can journalist and lawyer, born in Hampden County, Mass. Ile was educated at the Mon son Academy. In 1846, in conjunction with Al fred E. Beach, lie bought the Scientific Ameri can, which had been founded six months be fore. In 1876 he began to issue the Scientific Anterican Supplement, and in 1885 he established a monthly Architects' and Builders' Edition.
IVItNNICH, Cunts-romt, Count (1683-1767). A Russian general and statesman, born at Neuenhunto•f in Oldenburg• Germany. In the War of the Spanish Succession, he served as captain of Hessian troops. He be came a in the Polish army in 1716• en tered the Russian service in 1721. and six years afterwards became general. He was created com mander-in-chief of the Riissian army by Peter in 1727, and in 1732 was made field marshal and president of the War Council. He played a dis tinguished part in the war with Turkey, overran the Crimea in 1736. and advancing beyond the
Dniester, made himself master of Moldavia. After the death of the Empress Anna Ivanovna in 1740, he opposed the party of 11iron, the Re gent. whom lie overthrew. The regency was con ferred on Anna Karlovma. mother of Ivan, the young heir to the throne, and Miinnich be came Chief Alinister and the most powerful 11111n in Russia. after the coup which placed Elizabeth Petrovna on the throne (1711), Miin nich was arrested. and the sentence of death passed upon him was changed only at the foot of the scaffold to exile in Siberia, where he re mained for twenty years. l'eter iII. restored to him his estates in 1762. and he was made direc tor-general of the Baltic ports by the Empress Catharine. Consult: 11a lent, tfrsch irk to des marwhulls Grafcn It(ldenburg, newcd.,