PHILIP V. (n.c. 237-179). King of Macedo nia, son of Demetrius IL and grandson of Anti gonus Gonatas. Ile succeeded his uncle Anti gonus Doson in 220. The first part of his reign was disturbed by the contentions of the _Etolian and Achxan Leagues; taking part with the lat ter. he conducted the war for several campaigns with ability and success. This war was called the Social War, and was concluded in 217, by the Peace of Naupactus. In 216-215 Philip was induced by the successes of Hannibal in Italy to conclude an offensive and defensive alliance with Carthage, the price of which was to be the Roman possessions in Illyria and the help of Carthage in his Grecian wars. The war which followed (214-205) is known as the First Macedonian War; at no time in the course of it did Philip render Hannibal any effective aid, and for the first three years the war was conducted on both sides with lack of energy. In 214 the Roman general, M. Valerius Lxvinus, compelled Philip to raise the siege of Apollonia, and in 211 Rome organized against Macedon a coalition of Greek States with the .4;:tolian League at the head.
Peace was concluded in 205 without material gain on either side. In 204 Philip made a bar gain with Antiochus III. to divide between them certain of the dominions of the youthful King of Egypt, Ptolemy Epiphanes. This interference of Philip in the East precipitated the Second Macedonian War with Rome, which began in 200 and was brought to a close by the battle of Cynoscephahe in 197. In this battle the Mace donian army was utterly defeated by Titus Quintius Flamininus; Philip was compelled to relinquish his conquests in Europe and Asia, to surrender his fleet, and to pay an indemnity of a thousand talents; Macedonia became an ally, subject to the control of Rome. Philip died in 179. and was by his son Perseus. Con sult: Droysen. Gesehiehte des Hellenismus (2d ed., Gotha, 1877-78) : Freeman, History of Fed eral Government (2d ed., New York. 1S93) ; Slahaffy, Alexander's Empire (New York, 1888).