MARINE REFefnERATiox. Marine refrigeration embraces generally the operation of cold stores and ice-making plants on shipboard. These are merely modifications of the plants used on land to adapt them to the special conditions which pre vail on shipboard. These conditions are chiefly limited space and the necessity of using a refrig erating agent which is not deleterious to persons o• property. To meet the last condition, cold-air and carbonic-acid machines offer advantages which have caused them to be very largely adopted. Fig. 4 shows a carbonic-acid compression ma chine designed for use on shipboard. The main point to he noted is the compactness of the ar rangement. Fig. 5 is a plan of a cold-storage room on a large passenger steamer. The following is a description of the refrigerating rooms on the steamers Campania and Lucania which are fitted to carry cargoes of meat: The cargo holds of the steamships Campania and Luciania are refriger ated with machines of the Kilbourn type. The meat-carrying chambers in each of these vessels consist of three chambers situated forward on the orlop or lower deck, and having a total capacity of 20,000 cubic feet, which renders them able to carry 2700 quarters of beef.
The chambers are very carefully insulated, the walls consisting, first, of a double thickness of tongued and grooved boards baying a layer of waterproof paper between them; next, a two-inch layer of good quality hair felt and another double thickness of tongued and !!rooved boards, with a similar layer of paper between them ; and finally an inch air space, between the latter and the inner or iron (leek, the whole being well varnished. The brine-cooling pipes, which are of heavy two inch galvanized tube with malleable cast return bends, are placed on the ceiling between the deck beams, thus economizing head room, and the rails for the meat-hooks are galvanized round iron, firmly clipped to the beams supporting the decks. The meat-hooks which are placed upon the latter, for carrying the quarters of beef. are of steel galvanized. Thermometer tubes from the upper deck are provided to each chamber, so that the temperature may be ascertained in any part of the chamber when desired.