P'ING'-YANG' (Korean P'yrna-, Phyung-, or Pyring-Yang). A walled city of Korea, capital of the Province of South Phy6ng-an, and the most important city in the country after Tian syeng Pu, the Seoul or capital (Map: Korea, (1 4). It stands in an undulating plain on the right bank of the Ta-tong River. about 36 miles above its mouth. Its walls are 20 feet high, run parallel with the river for about miles, and arc loop-holed and hattlemented and pierced With several gates with imposing towers. The streets are laid out at right angles. ring-yAng is the most ancient city of Korea, Ki-ja (see KI-TsE), the reputed founder of Korean civilization. hav ing landed here some time after we. 1122. The superstitious notion is held by Koreans that the city is boat-shaped (representing the craft on which Ki ja arrived from China) and that it is the height of good sense not to sink wells within the city lest the vessel he scuttled. The water supply of the inhabitant. is. therefore, carried in from outside. Two large stone posts about miles above the town are supposed to be the mooring posts. The tomb of Ki-ja is one of the sights of the city. lving-yang is open to foreign ers, and much successful missionary and educa tional work is carried on.
The city is regarded as the military key to Korea. and in consequence it has suffered munch from war. A great battle was fought here in 1593 between the Chinese troops sent to succor Korea during Hideyoshi's invasion and the Jap anese troops under Konishi ; and the principal bat tle of time Japanese-Korea-Chinese War of 1S94-95 was fought here September 16. 1894. resulting in the utter defeat of the Chinese, who lost 4000 Dien. A handsome stone monument in memory of time Chinese C:eneral Tso, who led the cavalry. has been erected on the spot where he died, and on a lofty knoll within the city is a monolith erected by the Japanese to their dead.
PINK (from pink, to puncture. to pierce: so called from the jagged edges of the petals), Dian thus. A genus of about 70 annual and perennial plants of the natural order Caryophyllace:r, chiefly natives of Europe and the temperate parts of Asia. Their beautiful and often fra grant solitary or clustered flowers are borne at the ends of the branches, and have attracted ad miration in all ages, some of the species having been long cultivated in gardens. Their cultiva
tion has given rise to many varieties, including single and double forms of many different colors. The species Dianthus Caryophyllus, including the well-known and widely cultivated carnation (q.v.), ell,V0 pink. pieotee, or grenadine, is na tive to Southern Europe. where it is found grow ing wild on rocks and old walls. The common pink, also called feather pink (Dianthus phi nutrias), is the parent species of many cultivated forums. This has always been a favorite orna mental plant on account of its hardiness and the beauty and fraorance of its blossoms. It dif fers from the foregoing species in having rough margined leaves and fringed petals. Nearly al lied to the common pink is Dianthus s UPrrbPIR . found in moist places in some parts of Europe and often grown in flower-borders. The maiden pink (Dianthus deltoidrs) is a low-g.rowing, per ennial frequently cultivated for its dense masses of leaves and flowers. The China or Indian pink (Dianthus rhinensis) has long been in cultivation and numerous dwarf and double and single flow ered varieties of many varied colors have been de veloped. The sweet William, or bunch pink (Di anthus ()arbutus), is a popular species of easy cultivation and abounds in country gardens. Its flowers are crowded into dense that (dusters at the top of the stem. The varieties are exceeding ly numerous and include many highly developed forms. The Dept ford pink ( Dianthu.s. ruieria ) is a small European species which has become naturalized in the Eastern United States. Pinks prefer a rather light sandy loam soil. They are propagated from seeds and from cuttings. If the plants are to flower the same season the seeds are sown in heat during Felmruary, transplanted when the plants are large enough, and hardened gradually to cool culture until May, when they arc set out. Seeds sown in the open during sum mer produce plants which blossom the following year. The young plants of outdoor sowings are also transplanted as soon as they become erowded and finally transferred to their flowering position in fall. Many varieties of pinks are grown as greenhouse plants. and these are generally in creased by layers or cuttings.