PISA, UxiVERSITY DP. ()Ile of the oldest Euro pean universities. existed at l'isa teachers of law and nu-divine as early as the twelfth cen tury, but the real beginning of the university dates from the emigration of a large moldier of students eind teachers from Bologna in 1338 on account of the Interdict of Pope 13enedict XII. At the instance of the l'isans, I'ope Cle ment VI. authorized the establishment of a Statham Cenerale, whieli was dissolved in 1359 for lack of funds. In 1364 a new authorization NVIIS obtained from I'ope Urban V. for its re establishment. \\'ith the loss of Pisan independ (-nee in 1406 the university (-eased to exist. but it was opened again by Lorenzo de' Sledivi and flourished for a while. It soon went out of ex again. Cosimo I. de' Medici reopened it in 1543 and generously supported it. In 1544 a botanical institute, the first of its kind. tens eS
tabliSlIell and the university soon achieved eon sideralle faille. NVith the iicca3- of Italian uni versities it. suffered the general fate. It was re vived in 1803 by (:rand Leopold 11. of Tuscany, who endowed it munificently. In 1839 it received a 'well-equipped physical institute. .After the revolution of 1848 it was redueed to a mere natural science and mathematics section, lint was reopened with all faculties in 1850 and has since maintained a high standing among Italian universities. In 1902 it consisted of the faculties of law, medicine-surgery, philosophy, and mathematics-natural science, and the engi neering, pharmacy, veterinary. and higher agri cultural schools. The attendance was 1074, and the library contained 130.000 volumes. 28,000 pamphlets. and 300 manuseripts.