PI'US. The name of ten popes. Pits Saint, Pope 140-154. Little is known of his pontificate; perhaps the most authentic record of it is that contained in the Muratorian Frag ment, which assigns the writing of the Shepherd by Hermas, his brother, to his pontificate. See HERNIAS, SHEPHERD OF.—Pit's II., better known generally as _Eneas Sylvius. Pope 145S-04. He came of the noble family of Piccolomini in Siena, and was born in 1405 in the village of Corsignano, afterwards called l'ienza from his Papal title. His early life was not free from serious irregularities, but he made amends IT his subsequent decorous conduct; and his emi nent abilities as a canonist led to his being employed, when but twenty-six years of age. as secretary to the Cardinal-Bishop of Fenno. an appointment which. though it lasted but a short time. led to further employment and brought him commissions of the highest importance in connection with the Council of Basel (its.). On the election of the antipope Felix V. (Duke Ama deus VIII. of Savoy). in 1439, he was chosen one of the deputation to notify him of his election. and became his secretary. in which post his emi nent literary abilities were conspicuously useful. Having been sent as ambassador to the Emperor Frederick III.. be was induced to accept alive in the Imperial Chancery. This opened the way for further steps in the diplomatic career of which his prudence took advantage. On a mission to Route in 1445 lie declared himself decidedly for Eugenius IV. and attached himself to his inter ests. Having at last decided to take holy orders in that year, he was made Bishop of 'Priest in 1.147 and of Siena in 1449, remaining. however. in the Imperial service until 1455. A year later he was made a cardinal by 111. On the death of this pontiff. in l45, after a conclave lasting only three days. _Eneas Sylvius was elect ed his successor. Pope lie devoted himself to rousing Christendom to a war against the Ile called a congress of princes to meet at Mantua in 1459, and appeared in person to preside over it, but little came of it for the timk. Undeterred by lie pursued hi- purpose, and had planned to go in person a minst the Turks; but, seized with illness at Anil na. %%here the fleet
was to assemble. he died August 14. 1164. The literary of .Eneas ",Ivies has partial ly eclipsed the historical fame of the Pope. He was one of the nI?'t eminent seholars of his age, in many wits a pc of the Renaissance learning. The 111”.1 int,q-,,ting portion of his works is the collection ( I his letter-. which are full of details eharaeteristie both of the writer and of his age. He left also some partly autobiographical comment:1 ries ( republished by Lesen, Rome. 1s911. others of his works. the novel Lam tins Earyalas and his dialogues on the authority of L!eneral councils and in defense of the Council of Basel. he formally retracted. Consult his Life by I. \oigt (Berlin, 1856-631 ; by Weiss (Gratz, 1897) ; and an essay on him in Creighton, His tarical Essays and Rorie ws (1.madon. 19(12 ).
l'et's 11I., Pope 1503, Francesco Todeschini. lle was a nephew of Pius 11_ who made him Bishop of Siena and cardinal in 1460. Ile was employed by subsequent popes in varimis impor tant missions, and succeeded Ali•xander VI., but only lived a month after his election.—Pn's IV., Pope 1.159.65. Gbivanni Angelo Medici or Mede ghino. lle was horn in 1499. studied medicine and law, and devoted himself to the latter as a profession. Later he went to Rome and entered on an ecclesiastical career. being named arch bishop (1545) and cardinal (1549) by Paul 111. Elected Pope after a conclave lasting more than three months, lie entered upon a heritage of many tronblesonie questions. The principal significance of his pontificate lies in hi; reassembling of the Council of Trent. which Paul IV. had thought to have practically completed its task. It was linally closed. after further sessions lasting over nearly t WO years, in December. 1563, and the bull confirming its decrees was issued January 2fith following. The well-known creed called the Creed of Pius IV. or the Tridentine confession of faith was issued by Pius as an embodiment of all the doctrines defined in the council. (See Pit's IV.,