In Prussian Poland the struggle between Pole and German has been very liens'. and has •Leen fought out on an economic basis. It was Pis marek's policy to plant a Germanic population on Polish soil, and to this end vast sums were spent iu buying up Polish estate:, which were then peopled with German colonists. In spite of the strenuous effort s of the Government, however. the Poles have more than held their own. The national spirit has undergone a great revival and has united the nobility and the masses in opposition to the domination of the Prussians. The policy of Prussifieat ion has been pursued by the Government through the intro duction of the German language in the schools, a measime which led to bitter dissatisfaction among the Poles and some slight disturbances in 1901.
111111.1oGnArn Y. Of works in English. Dunham, The History of Poland (London, 1831), is com pact and useful. especially in its earlier portions; Viet cher, The History of Poland from the Earliest Period to the Present Time Ob., 18311. is an in teresting work, but less reliable than the preced ing. Consult also: Wolski, Poland ( London, 1883) ; Moltke, Poland (ib., l8S5), translated from the German, a valuable sketch; Alorfill, The Story of Poland (New York, 1893), in the Story of the Nations series. Lelewel, 11 istoirc de
Poloyne (Paris. 1844), is a Polish plea, but standard. `al // is/ o ire de Polognf' 1555), is standard for Polish history lip to the reign of John Sobieski; Riipell and Caro, Gc sehiehte Polrns (Hamburg. 184(1 63). is the full est and best of general histories of Poland, On special periods there aro Patens ?Was miff; kulturgesehiehtliche Skizzon ass den letz ten Jahrhunderten der polnisehen Selbstsitindig keit ( Leipzig, 187S) ; Iliipell, Polen um die Mille des 18. Jahrhunderts (Gotha. 1576), an able treatise on the period 1697-1763; Rultriere, llis toire (le Panarchir de Po1ignc 1807, On the revolutionary movements in Po land, see Pull riere. de Pologne (Paris, 18621; Kunz, Der Krieg ion 18.11 (Berlin, 1890) ; Nozmian. Das Jahr 186.1 (Vienna, 1896). (lit the partitions. Forrand. 1,cs fro is rh'inembrements de la Pologne (Paris, 18641; Reer. Die crate Tri/ung Po/ens (Vienna, 18731; Bain. "l'he Second Partition of Poland," in the English Ilistoriral Review for April, 1891.