QUATREFAGES DE BREAU, dr brti'4',. JEAN Louts Anmaxii tic (1810-92). A French naturalist, born at Berthezene (Gard). He was educated at Strassburg where he ob tained a doctorate in medicine in 1832, began practice at Toulouse. and established there the Journal de ci de chirnrgie de Toulouse. From 1838 to 1840 he was professor of zoiilogy in the faculty of sciences of the University of Toulouse, and from 1842 was at Paris, where lie designed plates for the Wylie animal Was tre, wrote for the Revue des Deux Minutes, in 1850 was appointed professor of natural his tory at the Lycile Napoleon, Paris, and in 1855 professor of anthropology at the \bsCe d'Histoire Naturelle, lie was elected to the Academy of in 1852. He was a note worthy teacher, and becalm. particularly known for his anthropological investigations and his studies of the invertebrates, especially the annelids. The doctrine of phIchenterism, accord
ing to which the intestinal ramifications of a certain division of gastropods. known as Phle benterata. have a respiratory function. was first expounded by him. He published an extensive list. of works, including: NourcairN d'un nature lisle (18541: Histoire notireille des anneli's marins(1865) ; La r«er prussienm ( 1871 ) . which involved him in a scientific controversy with Virehow: Homines fossiles et homilies saarages 11884); and Introduction it l'etude des hnmaines (2 vols.. 1887-89), considered his most important publication. For a complete list of his works, consult \lalloizel, Godefroy. Lisle no/iv/vie des traeaux de 11. Armand dc Quatre fayes de Lln'ao (extrait du bulletin de la Soci6til Naturelle d'Autun) (Autun, 1893).