RECUSANT (OF. recusant, Fr.4 rc'easont, from Lat. rccosarv, to reject, from re-, back again, anew + causa. cause). In English ec clesiastical legislation. any person who refuses to attend the services of the Established Church. Laws against recusants have borne most heavily upon Roman Catholics, who in earlier times were generally suspected of plotting against the Gov ernment and the person of the sovereign. The first of such laws was passed under Elizabeth in 15S1, but the culmination of such legislation in her reign was in 15d3. A law passed in that year read that all Popish recusants over sixteen years of age must "repair to their places of dwell ing where they usually heretofore made their common abode, and shall not. at any time after, pass or remove above live miles from thence," If they did remove, their goods were forfeited to the Crown. A careful list was made of all such per sons. If they had no property they were required to leave the country, upon penalty of bring t reatedi as felons. If they made public submission. they were to he absolved. Consult the act in Gee and Hardy, Documents Must ratire of Eaplisb Church History, pp. 498-508 (London, 1 89fi ). The Popish recusants still being considered a source of danger after Elizabeth's rei;1, additional and more stringent laws were passed against them.
Thus in the third year of King James ( In(ti) there were two such acts, "for the better discov ering and repressing of Popish recusants." and "to prevent and avoid dangers which may happ..n from Popish recusants:" in the twenty-fifth year of Charles II. (10S5), one "for preventing clan gers which may happen from Popish recusants:" and there were similar laws under William and Mary and Anne. All such legislation was abro gated in the reign of Victoria.
RED. One of the three primary colors. the rays of which are least broken. and which is, consequently. at the end of the spectrum. It is much used, as well in the fine arts as in dyeing and other arts. The niineral. animal, and vegetable contribute the materials from which red colors are derived. The mineral world furnishes vermilion and the red ochres: the animal. carmine, scarlet, and others; and the vegetable, the different madder pigments. (See these titles.) Since 1848 the term red, as being the color of blood. has been applied by their opponents to the radical parties. especially in France. The red Bag has been adopted as the emblem of their creed by the Social Democrats the world over.