SOUTH BEND. The county-seat of Saint Joseph County, Ind., 86 miles east by south of Chicago, 111.; on the Saint Joseph River. and on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern. the Chi cago and Grand Trunk. the Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, the Terre Haute and Indiana, and other railroads (Map: Indiana, C 1). Notre Dame, two miles north of the city, is the seat of the Uni versity of Notre Dame (q.v.), a Roman Catholic institution opened in 1842, and of Saint Alary's Academy. Saint Joseph's Academy is within the city limits. Noteworthy are the court house, city ball, Oliver Hotel, Epwerp Dospital. Saint Joseph's Hospital, and the Northern Indiana 31edical and Surgical Institute. South Bend is the centre of a rich farming section, and is an important industrial city. In the census year 1900 its various industries had an invested cap ital of $18,150.638 and an output valued at $14, 230,331. The Studebaker Wagon Works and the Oliver Plow Works are among the most noted concerns of their kind in the world. There are
lumber and flouring mills, foundries and machine shops, wood-turning plants, and manufactories of shirts, sewing machines, agricultural imple ments, toys, patent medicines, woolens, and paper and wood pulp. The government is vested in a mayor chosen every two years and a unicameral eouncil, and in administrative officials nearly all of whom are appointed by the mayor. The city spends annually for maintenance and opera tion about $306.000. The water works, which represent an expenditure of $457,974, are owned by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 819; in 1900, 35,999.
The site of South Bend was occupied by the Miami and Potawatami Indians and was a favorite resting place for French traders and ex plorers. In 1824 Alexis Coquillard established a trading post here; in 1831 a town was laid out, which in 1835 was incorporated; and in 1865 South Bend was chartered as a city.