AUS'TRIA-HUN'GARY, or, officially, TIrE MONARCHY (Med. Lat. Aus tria• from Ger. Oesterreich, eastern realm + Hun gary). The largest European country after Russia and the Swedish-Norwegian monarchy. It forms a compact territory in southern Europe, lying between latitudes 42° and 51° N. and be tween longitudes 9° 30' and 26° 30'E., and is bor dered for a shorter distance by the sea than any other great European State. Its coast-line com prises the greater part of the eastern shore of the Adriatic, the bulk of the country receding to a great distance from the sea. It is irregularly bounded on the north by Saxony. Pru_ssia, and Russia ; on the east by Russia and Rumania ; on the south (including Bosnia and Herzegovina) by Rumania, Servia. and Montenegro; on the southwest by the Adriatic Sea and Italy, and on the west by Switzerland and Bavaria. The for mer Turkish provinces of Bosnia and Herzego vina, though, in an official sense, merely occupied and administered by Austria-Hungary, and not reckoned as an integral part of the Empire, must be regarded now as virtually incorporated in it. The total area of the Austrian dominions, not including the 23,262 square miles occupied by the two provinces just mentioned, is 240,942 square miles,. nearly half of which (115,903 square
miles) is occupied by the crown-lands represent ed in the Austrian Reichsrat, Vienna, and the greater half by the Kingdom of Hungary or the lands represented in the Magyar Parliament, sit ting at Budapest. The greatest length from east to west is about 800 miles; greatest breadth from north to south, 650 miles. The following are the area and population, in 1890 and 1900, of the several divisions of the monarchy: The last three divisions constitute the lands of the Hungarian Crown. The provinces repre sented in the Reichsrat of Vienna are called collectively Cisleithania, or the 'country on this side of the Leitha' (a small stream forming part of the boundary between Lower Austria and Hun gary), while the Hungarian half of the monarchy is called Transleithania, or the 'country beyond the Leitha.' The density of population of the whole country in 1890 was 171 to the square mile. The increase of population during the last decade of the cen tury was, therefore, about 9 per cent.