UNITED STATES. The establishment of the United States Army, according to the reorgani zation of February 2, 1901, consists of 30 regi ments of infantry, 15 of cavalry, and an artil lery corps of 126 companies of coast-artillery and 30 batteries of field-artillery; 3 battalions of engineers, hospital corps, signal corps, ordnance department, medical department, quarternms ter's department, adjutant-general's department, inspector-general's department, pay department, and subsistence department. The interior or ganization of units is as follows: Infantry regi ments have an enlisted strength, including baud and staff, of 1284 men; 4 companies constitute a battalion, and 3 battalions a regiment. Cav alry regiments contain, with band and staff, 12 troops of 85 men each, making a total of 1056. Coast-artillery companies contain 109, and batteries 160 men each. Engineer companies contain 104 men, 4 companies constituting a battalion, which, with staff, numbers 418 enlisted men. According to statistics published by the Adjutant-General, October 1, 1901, the strength of the Regular Army consisted of 3278 officers and 81,235 enlisted men, a total of 84,513, dis tributed as follows: This includes 4336 men of the hospital corps and 25 officers and 815 men of the Porto Rican Provisional Regiment. There were also in the Philippines, on the above date, 172 volunteer surgeons, and 73 officers, 4973 men, native scouts. Under the Constitution of the United States, the President is commander-in-chief of the army, the administration of which is in the hands of the secretary of war and of the depart ment of which be is the head. The military es tablishment is under the orders of the com manding general of the army, so far as pertains to army discipline and control. Fiscal matters are conducted by the secretary of war, through the several staff departments. The command ing general promulgates orders from the Presi dent or secretary of war, if relating to military operations, or concerning the military control and discipline of the army.
The Regular Army may be reinforced by addi tional volunteer regiments at any time, on the authorization of Congress. During and after the Spanish War of 1898, many volunteer regi ments of cavalry and infantry were organized, and after being used on more or less active ser vice were mustered out as the circumstances warranted. The period of enlistment for en listed men is three years. Every able-bodied man may be called on for defense or service in the militia, the number available averaging be tween 14,000,000 and 15,000,000. Each State of the Union has a militia establishment, under its own State authorities, but subject to supreme Federal authority for Federal purposes. In 1899 the aggregate effective enlisted strength of the State militia, or National Guard, was esti mated at. 106,339 men, all ranks. Most officers of the Regular Army are educated at the Uni ted States Military Academy, \Vest Point, N. Y., and afterwards in the various practical schools of the army. In point, of efficiency and thoroughness they are unexcelled. The 1.'nited States military methods differ from those of European nations, in that individuality is strongly encouraged. This is greatly facilitated by the republican system of national govern ment, the absence of caste or rank of birth., and the general method of education and appoint ment of officers. In adaptability. resourceful ness, military intelligence, and individuality, the United States soldier is conceded by foreign military authorities to he unequaled. See also section on Army, under 'UNITED STATES.
ITTaroUAY. The permanent army consisted in 1901 of 231 officers and 323:3 men, armed with the Mauser rifle. The artillery is equally modern, consisting of Krupp, Armstrong, Nordenfeidt, flange, and C'anet guns. In addition to an armed police force of 321)0 men, 'there is a national guard of about 97,000 men.