WAYNE, ANTHONY (1745-06). An American soldier, prominent in the Revolutionary War. He was born at Easttown. Pa., and was edu cated at Philadelphia. At the age of eighteen he was employed as a land-surveyor, and in 1765 was selected by Benjamin Franklin and his associates to net as agent and surveyor of a pro jected settlement in Nova Scotia. He was for two years (1774-75) a member of the Pennsyl vania Legislature, and in 1775 he also became a member of the Committee of Safety. At the outbreak of hostilities with England he raised a regiment of volunteers, of which, in January, 1776. he was appointed colonel, and was sent to Canada, where he covered the retreat of the American forces at Three Rivers. lle commanded at Ticonderoga until 1777, when he was made brigadier-general and joined Washington in New Jersey. He commanded the rear-guard in the re treat at Brandywine: led the attack at Ger mantown; captured supplies for the distressed army at Valley Forge; distinguished himself at Monmouth; was defeated at Paoli, and finally achieved a brilliant victory in the storming of Stony Point (q.v.). July 16, 1779. His courage and skill greatly aided Lafayette in Virginia in 17S0. where he also took part in the siege of Yorktown. Later he served in Georgia, and finally occupied Charleston. S. C., on its sur render by the British, December 14, 1782. On October 10. 17,83, he was made brevet major general, and in the following year, having retired from the army, he entered the Pennsylvania Legislature, and in 1787 was a member of the Pennsylvania convention which ratified the Fed eral Constitution. Having removed to Georgia
and settled on a plantation given him by the State in recognition of his services, he entered Congress from that State in 1791. but in 1792 upon a contest his seat was declared vacant, and in April of that year he became commander in-chief of the national army with the rank of major-general. His reputation as the 'Mad An thony' of the Revolution survived and he was now called upon to end the Indian troubles nn the frontier, where Harmar and Saint Clair had failed. He began his campaigns in Ohio in the fall of 1793; in 1794 he was active on the Maumee, and on August 20th defeated the Indians decisively at Fallen Timbers. and in August, 1795, he, with twelve of the North western tribes. signed the Treaty of Greenville by which the United States acquired a large tract of territory. While still engaged on this service his death occurred at Erie, Pa. There are two Lives: by J. Armstrong (Boston. 183-1) and by II. N. 'Moore (Philadelphia, 1845). His Orderly Book on the northern enmpaign has been edited hy J. Mansell (Albany. 1859) ; and Stilly has written 'Wayne and the Pennsylvania Line (1thilude1phin. 1S93). For Wayne's campaign against the Indians, consult Roosevelt, Winning of the West, vol. iv. (New York, 1889-00). The best and most recent is that by Spears, Anthony Wayne (New Turk, 1003).