CHARITABLE AN!) PENAL I NSTITCTIONS. The charitable and penal institutions are in charge of a bipartisan board of control. Their au thority includes the management, government, and purchasing of supplies for the institutions. There are two State hospitals for the insane, one at Fort Steilasoont and the other at Medical Lake, with 760 and 380 inmates respectively on September 30, 1902. On the same date the Soldiers' Dome at Orting contained 188 persons, the school for defective youth at Vancouver 153, the Reform School at Chehalis 151, and the pen itentiary at Walla Walla 581. The total expen diture for these institutions for the year ending OD the date mentioned was $316,681. A parole law was introduced into the penal system in 1890.
IllsTottv. The Territory of Washington was set off from Oregon March 2, 1853. The south ern boundary was the Columbia River to the 40th parallel near Walla 1Valla, and thence east. to the Rocky Mountains, thus including Idaho and a part of Montana. (For early history. see OREGON.) At its organization the population was
only 3965, of whom 11182 were voters. With the discovery of gold in eastern Washington, a great influx of population followed and the alarmed Indians determined to exterminate the whites. This led to the Washington-Oregon In dian war of 1855-50. Again in 1857 there were serious Indian troubles concurrent with the rush of population to the gold fields of British Colum bia, but the greatest rush was after the discovery of gold at Salmon River in 1800. At the t hue of the boundary treaty between Great Britain and the United States in 1846 (see OREGON), the 49th degree was accepted as the boundary to the channel between Vancouver Islaml and the mainland, thence down that channel to the sea. In 1859 a dispute arose as to which channel was meant, as on this hinged the possession of the I--Taro Archipelago, of which San Juan is the largest island. A collision between British and American soldiers was narrowly averted. (See