VOGEL, HERMANN KAIiL (1542—). A Ger man astronomer, born in Leipzig. Ile studied the universities of Dresden and Leipzig. In 1565 he became assistant and later seeond observer in the observatory at Leipzig. In 15,70 lie became astronomer in the private observatory of Billow near Kiel, and here he devoted hiinsolf with great success to a;tro-physies. In 1874 he became observer in the new astrophysical obser vatory at Potsdam and in 1882 director of this institution. In 1892 he was elected member of the Berlin Academy. The first spectroscopic star catalogue ever published was that by Vogel in 1883. Ile also published: Bcotgichtunycii uml Posit noosbu•.sl i uurr uugen• von .\ r bel fleck, n ?Ind ( ; Itollthuurprr lrobur-•1i lurryeu (1873) ; fiber Jas Spck Duni der Planetcn (1874-95) ; uSle rid/oaten iw Perscus (1878) ; Sternsprktraltujel (1888) ; (reber den ncuen Stern ins Puhrmann (1893).
VOGEL, 114.:RmANN WILIIELm (1831 98). A German photochemist, celebrated for his work with the spectroscope, for his diseoveries in the direction of chronmphotography, and for his ae tivity in all hrouches of the photographic art.
Ile was horn at Dobrilugk (Lower Lusatia), and was educated at the Royal School of •Technology in 'Berlin. To that institution he was called in 1864 as instructor of photochemistry and later became full professor. Ile en rriol on researches relating to the purely scientific aspect of photog raphy, devised a photometer ( 1861), and was first to discover the ultra violet rays of hydro gen (1878), and to enlarge the knowledge of spectral photography. His publications in clude: Die Photographic oaf der Lour/our?.
ll'eltaussfrIlung (1862; 1th ed. as Handbuch, 1890-941 ; Die client ischru u nye?? des Liehts and die Photographic (1871; trans. into English, French, Italian, Russian. and .Iapan c;e1; Praklisebv Sycktralanulyse irdischer Stoffe (1577) ; Lichtbildcr each der Natur (1879) ; and A us der neuen Hexcnkiiehe (1880).