WARWICK, RICHARD NEVILLE. Ear] of, popularly named TimE KING-MAKER (1428-71). A celebrated English warrior and statesman. He was born on November 22, 1428, the eldest son of Rich ard, Ear] of Salisbury, and Alice, daughter and heiress of Thomas Montacute. He became the most powerful nobleman in the kingdom, by his marriage with Anne, daughter and heiress of Rich ard de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and not only acquired by this alliance the lands of the War wick family, lint was created Ear] of Warwick. with succession to the heirs of his wife. He is the most prominent figure in the Wars of the Roses (q.v.). Until 1453 Warwick remained neutral, but after that he was associated with Richard, Duke of York. The first battle, at Saint Albans, between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians in 1455 was won mainly by Warwick's impetuous onset. He was rewarded with the governorship of Calais. In 1457 he obtained command of the fleet for three years. In 1458, with five large and seven small vessels, lie attacked a fleet of 28 ships, 16 of which belonged to the King of Cas tile. After a battle of six hours he withdrew, having captured six of the enemy's v(i?•ssels. A little later. in spite of the truce with Lubeck, he seized a fleet bound thither. Upon the renewal of the civil strife in 1460 Warwick lauded in Kent at the head of his Calais troops, and entered Lon don amid the aeclamations of the people. He de feated Queen :Margaret's army, near Northampton (14)i0), with great slaughter, and obtained pos session of the person of the King. The Duke of York now advanced his claim to the throne. Queen Margaret raised an army to rescue the King; and the Duke committed the monarch to the custody of Warwick, while he marched against the Lancastrians. In the battle of Wake field, fought on December 31, 1460, the Yorkists were overthrown by the army of Queen Margaret. The Duke was taken prisoner and put to death, and Warwiek's father, the Earl of Salisbury, with twelve other Yorkist chiefs, was beheaded at Pontefraet. The second battle of Saint Al bans W S' won by the Lancastrians (1461), but Edward, Ear] of March, now Duke of York, ae companied by Warwick, marched Boldly upon London, which was thoroughly' Yorkist. and Ed
ward was proclaimed King as Edward IV. The Lancastrians suffered a defeat at Towton, and Edward, returning to London in triumph, was crowned ,lure 22, 1461. \\'arw•iek now had his first misunderstanding, with Edward. Ile had been authorized to negotiate with Louis NI. of France for the marriage of his sister-in law. the Princess Bona of Savoy. to King Ed ward, and was indignant at the King's sudden marriage with Elizabeth Woodville. Ile was now at the height of his power. To the earl doms of \Varwiek and Salisbury, With the of the Dispensers, he added the offices of high admiral and great chamberlain, together with the lord-lieutenancy of Ireland and the government of Calais. But he was losing power in the King's council and the relatives of the Queen were be coming more prominent. After having been sent into honorable banishment by means of embassies to France, Burgundy, and Brittany, Warwick in 1469 gave his daughter in marriage to George, Duke of Clarence, the King's brother, without asking Edward's permission. He finally broke out into open revolt against Edward, and con cluded a. treaty with Queen Margaret, by which it was agreed that her son, Prince Edward, should espouse Anne Neville, Warwick's daugh ter, and that in failure of issue the crown should devolve on Clarence. King Edward eseaped to Holland, and henry VI., who had been confined in the Tower, resumed the sovereignty. Edward, however, raised a body of Flemings and Dutch men, and, landing near Hull, advanced toward London. He gave battle to King henry's army, commanded by Warwick, at Barnet. 14, 1471. Warwick and his brother Montagu, be trayed by Clarence. were left dead on the field, and with them fell the greatness of the House of Consult: Oman, Warwick the Kingmaki r (London, 1891) ; Stubbs, Constitutional History of England, vol. iii. (5th ed., oxford, 1895) ; Ramsay, Lancaster and York, vol. ii. (Oxford, 1892).