YOUNG, SA MUEL BaLWWiN Al ARKS ( 18 1(1-1 . An eminent American soldier, first Chief of Staff of the Army of the United States. born in Pitts Pa. In April. 1865, upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he entered the Federal Army as a private. Ile served with great efficiency t hrourrh out t• e war, attained the rank of colonel in December. 15)11. and in April. 1805. was brevetted hri die r I of volunteers for gallant vice in HI) last elinpairm against General Lee. In lardi, 1867, he was also brevetted major, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel in the liegular Army for gallantry at Sulphur Springs, Va., Amelia Spring, Va., and Sailor's Creek, Va., re spectively. In May, 1860, he entered the Regular Army as a second lieutenant, Twelfth Infantry. He attained the rank of colonel of the Third Cavalry in June, 1897, and in .May, 189S, was made a brigadier-general of volunteers for ser vice in the Spanish- American War. lie served with marked ability under General Shaffer in the early part of the Santiago campaign, was promoted to the rank of major-general of volun teers in July, 1898, and for a time commanded the Second Army Corps. lie was honorably dis
charged as major-general of volunteers and ap pointed brigadier-general of volunteers in April, 1899, and from July. 1899, to .March, 1901, served with great ability in the Philippines, where for a short time he was military Governor of North western Luzon and commander of the first dis trict of the Department of Northern Luzon. During this period he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general in the Regular Army, in January, 1000, and to that of major-general in the Regular Army, in February, 1901. After his return from the Philippines he commanded the Department of California and helped to organize the new War College, and in August. 1903, on the retirement of General Allies, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general and for a week was the Commanding General of the United States Army. On August 15, 1903. when the new general staff system went into effect, he became Chief of Staff of the Army.