YOUMANS, WILLIAM JAY ( 1838-1901 ). An American scientist, born at Milton• N. Y., brother of Edward Livingston Youmans (q.v.). He studied chemistry under his brother and at Co lumbia and Yale, then took a course in medicine at New York University, and in 1865 studied natural history under Huxley in London. On his return to the United States lie settled at Winona, Minn., and practiced medicine for about three years. In 1872 he assisted his brother in establishing and subsoluently was associated in editing the Popular Seinnee 11onthly. After his brother's death in 1887 he became its editor in-ehicf. Ile edited linNley's Lessons in Ele mentary Physioloyy, and wrote Pioneers of Sci ence in America (1895).
YOUNG, -\RTUu'R (1711-1820). A noted Ifritish agriculturist and author, born in Lon don. Prior to 1759 he had written four novels and several political pamphlets which seem to lave hod no value. In 1763 he took up farming. which. emobioed with rural invest iga t ion, at 11011W and abroad, became his life work.
'I he perHu•tnrHt valne and enormons amount of his itgrienItural writings. based largely upon per m Xperiellee and observation. place him well in advance of all British agricultural authors, 11u• sprightly style renders unfelt of his prod uct entertaining even to•day. his Trarels in Fran«e picture•.s not only Freneh agriculture. but the conditions prevalent in !"ranee prior to the French Bevolution: henve it is a reliable source of information upon both these subjects. Young became one of the best known men of his time; secretary of the British Board of Agriculture (1793). and honorary member of the leading scientific societies of the world. Some of his best known works at•e: A Nix Weeks' Tour Through the Southern Counties of 1:naland and Wales (1768); Annals of Agriculture ( 1784 1809, 1812-15) : Trarcls in France During the Years l78'7,178S,und17.89 ( 1794).