WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE. An institution of learning at Williamsburg, Va., founded in 1693, the second oldest college in the United States. Grants of land had already been obtained in 1619 for the establishment of a col legiate institution near Richmond. and a collegi ate school was established at Charles City in 1621, hut the plan was frustrated by the Indian massacres of 1622. In 1660 the grants were renewed and in 1693 a charter was secured from King William and Queen Mary by the Rev. James Blair, who became the first president of the college. The institution received a penny a pound on exports of tobacco and various other privileges, including the profits from the office of Sur veyor-General of Virginia. The college attained rapid prosperity. but it suffered heavily in the Devolution through the loss of its endowments and the occupation of its buildings by the contending troops (1781), but with the exception of a short interval it was in session until the Civil War,when it was occupied by the Federal troops and much of its property was destroyed. It was reopened
in 1869, but from 18S1 to MSS was so crippled financially that it was forced to suspend instruc tion. In the latter year an annual State appro priation of $10,000. later increased to $15,000, enabled it to resume work, and in. 1893 Congress granted an indent/lay of $64,000 for its losses during the Civil \Var. The college offers two courses—the collegiate, leading to the degrees of B.A. and SLA., and the normal. With the latter the Matthew Whaley Model and Practice School is connected. In 1903 it had a student attentlanee of 165. 12 instructors, a library of about 10.000 volumes, and an income of $21,600. Its endow ment was $132,500, and the buildings and grounds were valued at $150,000. Time college has a distinguished list of graduates, among them Presidents Jefferson. Monroe, Tyler, and 1 a Edson, Chief Justice John Shushan, and Gen. Winfield Scott. The rhi Beta Kappa Frater nity (q.v.) was estnblished at William and Mary in 1776.