The graduate school. organized in 1847. is under the direction of the philosophical faculty. The degrees of Ph.D. and C.E. were first offered in 1860. 11.E. in 1873. M.A. (previously given without evidence of study) in 1874, and M.S. in 1897. In almost all of these departments voluntary associations of instructors and students meet periodically for purposes of research. Nine fellowships of $400 are open to graduates of all colleges; one of $300 to a graduate of one of the California universities; and fifteen to gradu ates only of Yale College. There are besides 30 scholarships of $100.
The Art School was established in 1804. It is open to students of both sexes, and provides in struction in drawing, painting, sculpture, archi tectnre, and copper-plate etchings. Its collec tions include the Jarvis gallery of Italian art, the Alden Belgian wood-carvings of the six teenth century, and the Trumbull gallery of his torical paintings, besides many casts, marbles, porcelains, bronzes, and modern paintings and reproductions. The regular course covers three years. The holder of the Winchester Fellowsbip is entitled to two years' residence and study abroad.
The earliest professional school organized at Yale was the Medical School. Four professors in medicine were appointed in 1813, and degrees were given the following year. The school was aided in the beginning by a grant of $30,000 from the State, and for seventy years was under the joint control of the college and the State Medical Society, until in 1884 the college authori ties assumed full control of the school. The course was extended in 1890 to four years. The school occupies three buildings—Medical Hail, the Laboratory Building, and the University Clinic. Abundant clinical instruction is fur nished by the New Haven Hospital, the New Haven Dispensary, and the State Hospital for the Insane at Middletown.
The Divinity School was organized in 1822, but instruction in theology had been given at Yale since its foundation and the first professor in the college was a professor of divinity in 1755. This school is Congregational in doctrine, but students of nearly every denomination avail themselves of its advantages. It possesses a very full reference library, an almost complete historical library of foreign missions, and a valuable library of church music, which former ly belonged to Dr. Lowell Mason. The courses are partially elective and. with the graduate class. cover four years, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. The school offers two graduate fellowships, a number of general sehol arships and prizes, and has a loan fund for the benefit of needy students.
The Law School became a part of the college in 1824, though no degrees were conferred until 1843. Its course of instruction. covering three years. is designed to fit the student fur the prac tice of law in any State. and leads to the degree of LL.B. The graduate course can be completed in one or two years, leading to the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Civil Law. The special law library, of about 20,000 volumes, is supported by a permanent endowment estaliTished by the Honorable James E. English in 1873.
The Department of Music. founded in 1890. aims to provide adequate instruction for those who intend to professional musicians, either as teachers ur composers.
The Forest School was founded in 1900 by a gift of $150,000 from Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Pinchot and their sons. It provides for instruction and research in forestry at the university and for a summer school of forestry at Milford, Pa. Marsh Hall, the house of the late Professor 0, Marsh, is used as the school building. Graduates receive the degree of Master of Forestry.
The Peabody Aluseum of Natural History was founded in 1866 by a gift of $150,000 from George Peabody, the London banker, and the first wing of the museum was completed in 1876. It contains the collections in mineralogy. geology, paleontology, and zodiogy, with several labora tories and work rooms. The buildings of the observatory stand on Prospect Street. about a mile from the college. The principal astronomi cal instruments now in use are a six-inch helio meter by Reps°Id of Hamburg, an eight-inch equatorial by Grubb of Dublin, and an equato rially mounted set of cameras for photographing meteors. The late Professor Elias Loomis (q.v.) bequeathed to the observatory a fund of more than $300,000, the income of which is to be used for the promotion of astronomical observations and investigations.
The gymnasium, completed in 1891 at a cost of $200,000, is under expert supervision. The ath letic grounds of the university, known as Yale Field. are open to the students of all departments. The grounds, consisting of some 30 acres about a mile from the campus, were purchased in 1852, and when turned over to the corporation in 1902 represented an original outlay of $53.000 secured by subscriptions, to which for maintenance and• improvements a sum of nearly $100.000 has been added, the greater part of which has come from the athletic associations in gate receipts. The Bureau of Self Help, under the management of a member of the faculty, is a valuable assistance to students and graduates seeking work, and has charge of the assignment of beneficiary aid to needy students.