YURIEV, ylrar'yef, UNIVERSITY OF, The of ficial name for the University of Dorpat, in I d vonia, Russia. It had its inception in the gym nasium founded by the Swedish Government when it gained possession of Livonia. This institution was changed in 1632 into a university. There were then instituted four faculties Conducted by 19 professors who came from Germany. During its existence under the Swedish regime it was known as the 'Academia Gustaviana.' When in 1656 the city was taken by the Russian forces a few of the teachers and students attempted to perpetuate the university at Reval. There were about 60 students attached to the institution as late as 1665, when it ceased to exist. In 1690 it was re opened as the 'Academia Gustaviana Carolina' at Dorpat, with but ten professors, mostly Swedes. When war broke out in the north it was trans ferred in 1699 to Penman, where it declined rapid ly and became extinct in 1710. In 1802 Paul 1. was led to establish a German university at Dorpat, to induce the students of the Baltic Provinces to remain in Russia. During the pe
riod of 182S-38 there existed at the university a special institute for the education of professors for the rest of the Russian universities. During the reign of Nicholas 1, the university, in common with the rest of the Russian universities, suffered from Government oppression. In 1850 the tra ditional philosophical faculty was divided into the faculties of history-philosophy and physics mathematics. In 1865 more favorable statutes were granted the university and a freer academic life came into existence. Its autonomy was, however, taken away in 1889. Up to 1891 the university was a purely German institution. hut since then the Government has taken strenuous measures to Russify it. Since 1895 all instruc tion except in the theological and part of the medical faculties is carried on in Russian. Pro fessors were given two years within which to acquire the Russian language. The attendance in 1901 was 1790. The university library, es tablished in 1802, contains over 200,000 volumes.